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We provide four case studies that use Bayesian machinery to making inductive reasoning. Our main motivation relies in offering several instances where the Bayesian approach to data analysis is exploited at its best to perform complex tasks,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-18 Juan Sosa , Lina Buitrago

Bayesian Networks (BN) provide robust probabilistic methods of reasoning under uncertainty, but despite their formal grounds are strictly based on the notion of conditional dependence, not much attention has been paid so far to their use in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Luigi Portinale , Andrea Bobbio

In inductive learning of a broad concept, an algorithm should be able to distinguish concept examples from exceptions and noisy data. An approach through recursively finding patterns in exceptions turns out to correspond to the problem of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Farhad Shakerin , Elmer Salazar , Gopal Gupta

Model-based approaches bear great promise for decision making of agents interacting with the physical world. In the context of spatial environments, different types of problems such as localisation, mapping, navigation or autonomous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-21 Atanas Mirchev , Baris Kayalibay , Maximilian Soelch , Patrick van der Smagt , Justin Bayer

We study Bayesian approaches to causal inference via propensity score regression. Much of the Bayesian literature on propensity score methods have relied on approaches that cannot be viewed as fully Bayesian in the context of conventional…

It has been observed people tend to have opinions that are far more internally consistent than it would be reasonable to expect. Here, we study how that observation might emerge from changing how agents trust the opinions of their peers in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-15 Marcelo V. Maciel , André C. R. Martins

As inductive inference and machine learning methods in computer science see continued success, researchers are aiming to describe ever more complex probabilistic models and inference algorithms. It is natural to ask whether there is a…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Nathanael L. Ackerman , Cameron E. Freer , Daniel M. Roy

Inference systems are a widespread framework used to define possibly recursive predicates by means of inference rules. They allow both inductive and coinductive interpretations that are fairly well-studied. In this paper, we consider a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Francesco Dagnino

We state the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in terms of preference elicitation, resulting in a principled (Bayesian) statistical formulation. This generalises previous work on Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning and allows us…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-06-30 Constantin Rothkopf , Christos Dimitrakakis

Bayesian Belief Networks have been largely overlooked by Expert Systems practitioners on the grounds that they do not correspond to the human inference mechanism. In this paper, we introduce an explanation mechanism designed to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Peter Sember , Ingrid Zukerman

Commonsense reasoning simulates the human ability to make presumptions about our physical world, and it is an indispensable cornerstone in building general AI systems. We propose a new commonsense reasoning dataset based on human's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Yufei Feng , Xiaodan Zhu , Michael Greenspan , Murray Campbell

This paper discusses a method for implementing a probabilistic inference system based on an extended relational data model. This model provides a unified approach for a variety of applications such as dynamic programming, solving sparse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Michael S. K. M. Wong , C. J. Butz , Yang Xiang

Various AI models are increasingly being considered as part of clinical decision-support tools. However, the trustworthiness of such models is rarely considered. Clinicians are more likely to use a model if they can understand and trust its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Evangelia Kyrimi , Somayyeh Mossadegh , Nigel Tai , William Marsh

Non-deductive reasoning systems are often {\em representation dependent}: representing the same situation in two different ways may cause such a system to return two different answers. Some have viewed this as a significant problem. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Daphne Koller

The dominant practice of AI alignment assumes (1) that preferences are an adequate representation of human values, (2) that human rationality can be understood in terms of maximizing the satisfaction of preferences, and (3) that AI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Tan Zhi-Xuan , Micah Carroll , Matija Franklin , Hal Ashton

Various structured argumentation frameworks utilize preferences as part of their standard inference procedure to enable reasoning with preferences. In this paper, we consider an inverse of the standard reasoning problem, seeking to identify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Quratul-ain Mahesar , Nir Oren , Wamberto W. Vasconcelos

Counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning underpin numerous techniques for auditing and understanding artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The traditional paradigm for counterfactual reasoning in this literature is the interventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

Human-AI collaboration has the potential to transform various domains by leveraging the complementary strengths of human experts and Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. However, unobserved confounding can undermine the effectiveness of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin

Systems thinking provides us with a way to model the algorithmic fairness problem by allowing us to encode prior knowledge and assumptions about where we believe bias might exist in the data generating process. We can then encode these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chris Lam

The features of a logically sound approach to a theory of statistical reasoning are discussed. A particular approach that satisfies these criteria is reviewed. This is seen to involve selection of a model, model checking, elicitation of a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-09 Luai Al-Labadi , Zeynep Baskurt , Michael Evans