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We discuss the recently measured event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is shown that the observed non-monotonic behaviour of the scaled variance of multiplicity distribution as a function of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-19 Maciej Rybczynski , Zbigniew Wlodarczyk

Using full-wave numerical simulations and analytical multipole expansions we investigated the properties of real-space polarization singularities that emerge in light scattering by subwavelength particles. We considered spherical and torus…

Optics · Physics 2021-02-18 Jie Peng , Wei Liu , Shubo Wang

A single paraxial beam reflection at a plane dielectric interface, configured appropriately, can lead to the formation of a polarization singularity in the inhomogeneously polarized output beam-field for any central angle of incidence. In…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-28 Anirban Debnath , Nirmal K. Viswanathan

Except for crystalline or random structures, an agreed definition of complexity for intermediate and hence interesting cases does not exist. We fill this gap with a notion of complexity that characterises shapes formed by any finite number…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-14 Julian Barbour , Zaza Doborjginidze , Tim Koslowski , Hemant Shukla

An analysis of the matrix models representing the polarimetric properties of light and material media is carried out by using the concept of the coherency matrix, which leads to the identification and definition of their corresponding…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-18 José J. Gil

We apply the algebraic-geometric techniques developed for the study of mappings which have the singularity confinement property to mappings which are integrable through linearisation. The main difference with respect to the previous studies…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Takenawa , M. Eguchi , B. Grammaticos , Y. Ohta , A. Ramani , J. Satsuma

This paper extends the concept of generalized polarization tensors (GPTs), which was previously defined for inclusions with homogeneous conductivities, to inhomogeneous conductivity inclusions. We begin by giving two slightly different but…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-07-31 Habib Ammari , Youjun Deng , Hyeonbae Kang , Hyundae Lee

We describe isometric embeddings of polar Grassmann graphs formed by non-maximal singular subspaces. In almost all cases, they are induced by collinearity preserving injections of polar spaces. As a simple consequence of this result, we get…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-11 Mariusz Kwiatkowski , Mark Pankov

A consistent description of the radiative polarization for relativistic electrons in intense laser fields is derived by generalizing the Sokolov-Ternov effect in general field structure. The new form together with the spin-dependent…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-03-12 X. S. Geng , Z. G. Bu , Y. T. Wu , Q. Q. Han , C. Y. Qin , W. Q. Wang , X. Yan , L. G. Zhang , B. F. Shen , L. L. Ji

We study generalized polar decompositions of densely defined, closed linear operators in Hilbert spaces and provide some applications to relatively (form) bounded and relatively (form) compact perturbations of self-adjoint, normal, and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-11-11 Fritz Gesztesy , Mark Malamud , Marius Mitrea , Serguei Naboko

We analyze single particle coherence and interference in the presence of particle loss and derive an inequality that relates the preservation of coherence, the creation of superposition with the vacuum, and the degree of particle loss. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johan Aberg , Daniel K. L. Oi

The difficulties with which the concept of point-like particles is beset, such as the infinities encountered in the existing theories of elementary particles, suggest a different approach to the study of these particles. Instead of…

General Physics · Physics 2011-07-25 Seyyed Mahmoud Hessaby

The polarisation set of a vector-valued distribution generalises the wavefront set and captures fibre-directional information about its singularities in addition to their phase space description. Motivated by problems in quantum field…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Christopher J. Fewster

We introduce the notion of a generalised symmetry M of a hamiltonian H. It is a symmetry which has been broken in a very specific manner, involving ladder operators R and R*. In Theorem 1 these generalised symmetries are characterised in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jan Naudts , Tobias Verhulst

The paper introduces the concept of a cluster structure to define a joint distribution of the sample size and its exchangeable random partitions. The cluster structure allows the probability distribution of the random partitions of a subset…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-10-08 Mingyuan Zhou

Polarity is a fundamental reciprocal duality of $n$-dimensional projective geometry which associates to points polar hyperplanes, and more generally $k$-dimensional convex bodies to polar $(n-1-k)$-dimensional convex bodies. It is…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Frank Nielsen , Basile Plus-Gourdon , Mahito Sugiyama

Let $(G_n(x))_{n=0}^\infty$ be a $d$-th order linear recurrence sequence having polynomial characteristic roots, one of which has degree strictly greater than the others. Moreover, let $m\geq 2$ be a given integer. We ask for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Clemens Fuchs , Christina Karolus

We derive a generalized unitarity relation for an arbitrary linear scattering system that may violate unitarity, time-reversal invariance, ${\cal PT}$-symmetry, and transmission reciprocity.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-17 Ali Mostafazadeh

An arrangement of hyperplanes is a finite collection of hyperplanes in a real Euclidean space. To such a collection one associates the characteristic polynomial that encodes the combinatorics of intersections of the hyperplanes. Finding the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-19 A. R. Balasubramanian

The entropic discriminant is a non-negative polynomial associated to a matrix. It arises in contexts ranging from statistics and linear programming to singularity theory and algebraic geometry. It describes the complex branch locus of the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-11-18 Raman Sanyal , Bernd Sturmfels , Cynthia Vinzant