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In this article, we use the strong law of large numbers to give a proof of the Herschel-Maxwell theorem, which characterizes the normal distribution as the distribution of the components of a spherically symmetric random vector, provided…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-10 Somabha Mukherjee

We extend some sharp inequalities for martingale-differences to general multiplicative systems of random variables. The key ingredient in the proofs is a technique reducing the general case to the case of Rademacher random variables without…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-04-29 Grigori A. Karagulyan

In this article we quantify almost sure martingale convergence theorems in terms of the tradeoff between asymptotic almost sure rates of convergence (error tolerance) and the respective modulus of convergence. For this purpose we generalize…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-13 Luisa F. Estrada , Michael A. Högele , Alexander Steinicke

Let $L_{n}$ be the least common multiple of a random set of integers obtained from $\{1,\ldots,n\}$ by retaining each element with probability $\theta\in (0,1)$ independently of the others. We prove that the process $(\log L_{\lfloor…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-29 Gerold Alsmeyer , Zakhar Kabluchko , Alexander Marynych

We give concentration bounds for martingales that are uniform over finite times and extend classical Hoeffding and Bernstein inequalities. We also demonstrate our concentration bounds to be optimal with a matching anti-concentration…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-03 Akshay Balsubramani

Under appropriate integrability conditions the risk measure of the sample measures for a law invariant risk measure converge almost surely to the risk measure of the sampled random variable. The results follow from general convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Freddy Delbaen

The Mallows measure on the symmetric group $S_n$ is the probability measure such that each permutation has probability proportional to $q$ raised to the power of the number of inversions, where $q$ is a positive parameter and the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-29 Carl Mueller , Shannon Starr

We prove that the spectral radius of an i.i.d.\ random walk on $\GL_d(\C)$ satisfies a strong law of large numbers under finite second moment assumption and a weak law of large numbers under finite first moment. No irreducibility assumption…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Richard Aoun , Cagri Sert

A generalization of Young's inequality for convolution with sharp constant is conjectured for scenarios where more than two functions are being convolved, and it is proven for certain parameter ranges. The conjecture would provide a unified…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-08-09 Sergey Bobkov , Mokshay Madiman , Liyao Wang

A classical Borel Cantelli Lemma gives conditions for deciding whether an infinite number of rare events will almost surely happen. In this article, we propose an extension of Borel Cantelli Lemma to characterize the multiple occurrence of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-16 Dmitry Dolgopyat , Bassam Fayad , Sixu Liu

Nerman's martingale plays a central role in the law of large numbers for both, single- and multi-type, supercritical general branching processes. There are further, complex-valued Nerman-type martingales in the single-type process that…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Konrad Kolesko , Matthias Meiners , Ivana Tomic

In this note we use recent results concerning the sum theorem for maximal monotone multifunctions in general Banach spaces to find new characterizations and properties of regular maximal monotone multifunctions and then use these to…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-12-16 Andrei Verona , Maria Elena Verona

We study the large deviations of sums of correlated random variables described by a matrix product ansatz, which generalizes the product structure of independent random variables to matrices whose non-commutativity is the source of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-02-18 Florian Angeletti , Hugo Touchette , Eric Bertin , Patrice Abry

In classical probability the law of large numbers for the multiplicative convolution follows directly from the law for the additive convolution. In free probability this is not the case. The free additive law was proved by D. Voiculescu in…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Uffe Haagerup , Sören Möller

We prove a central limit theorem (CLT) for the number of joint orbits of random tuples of commuting permutations. In the uniform sampling case this generalizes the classic CLT of Goncharov for the number of cycles of a single random…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Abdelmalek Abdesselam , Shannon Starr

Given two positive integers $n$ and $k$ and a parameter $t\in (0,1)$, we choose at random a vector subspace $V_{n}\subset \mathbb{C}^{k}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{n}$ of dimension $N\sim tnk$. We show that the set of $k$-tuples of singular values…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 S. Belinschi , B. Collins , I. Nechita

We consider moderately trimmed sums of non-negative i.i.d. random variables. We show that for every distribution function there exists a proper moderate trimming such that for the trimmed sum a non-trivial strong law of large numbers holds.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Marc Kesseböhmer , Tanja Schindler

We give a unified treatment of the convergence of random series and the rate of convergence of strong law of large numbers in the framework of game-theoretic probability of Shafer and Vovk (2001). We consider games with the quadratic hedge…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-23 Kenshi Miyabe , Akimichi Takemura

Enumeration of various types of lattice polygons and in particular polyominoes is of primary importance in many machine learning, pattern recognition, and geometric analysis problems. In this work, we develop a large deviation principle for…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-20 Ilya Soloveychik , Vahid Tarokh

This paper extends classical probabilistic results to the broader class of demimartingales and demisubmartingales. We establish variants of Doob's-type optional sampling theorem under minimal structural conditions on stopping times, relying…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Milto Hadjikyriakou , B. L. S Prakasa Rao