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Related papers: Integrating Case-Based and Rule-Based Reasoning: t…

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We introduce a method to measure the alignment between public will and language model (LM) behavior that can be applied to fine-tuning, online oversight, and pre-release safety checks. Our `chain of alignment' (CoA) approach produces a rule…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Andrew Konya , Aviv Ovadya , Kevin Feng , Quan Ze Chen , Lisa Schirch , Colin Irwin , Amy X. Zhang

Mathematical reasoning is a central challenge for large language models (LLMs), requiring not only correct answers but also faithful reasoning processes. Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

In the field of explainable AI, a vibrant effort is dedicated to the design of self-explainable models, as a more principled alternative to post-hoc methods that attempt to explain the decisions after a model opaquely makes them. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Romain Xu-Darme , Aymeric Varasse , Alban Grastien , Julien Girard , Zakaria Chihani

Given that the restricted equivalence functions (REFs) can serve to measure the similarity of two fuzzy sets, this motivates the integration of REFs with similarity-based approximate reasoning systems to enhance inference capabilities.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Dechao Li , Yuhui Zhu

Responsible use of Authorship Verification (AV) systems not only requires high accuracy but also interpretable solutions. More importantly, for systems to be used to make decisions with real-world consequences requires the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Peter Zeng , Pegah Alipoormolabashi , Jihu Mun , Gourab Dey , Nikita Soni , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Owen Rambow , H. Schwartz

Debates about juridical proof are often framed as a conflict between probabilistic approaches and relative plausibility theory (RPT). This paper argues that this opposition rests on a level-of-analysis error. Drawing on Marr's distinction…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-16 Stanley E. Lazic

The wide development of mobile applications provides a considerable amount of data of all types (images, texts, sounds, videos, etc.). Thus, two main issues have to be considered: assist users in finding information and reduce search and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Djallel Bouneffouf

We present IBR, an Iterative Backward Reasoning model to solve the proof generation tasks on rule-based Question Answering (QA), where models are required to reason over a series of textual rules and facts to find out the related proof path…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Hanhao Qu , Yu Cao , Jun Gao , Liang Ding , Ruifeng Xu

The explainability of black-box machine learning algorithms, commonly known as Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), has become crucial for financial and other regulated industrial applications due to regulatory requirements and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Gregory Yampolsky , Dhruv Desai , Mingshu Li , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

Recent RL methods have substantially improved the reasoning abilities of LLMs. Existing reward designs mainly follow two paradigms: (1) Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) derives outcome signals from executable checks or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Sirui Chen , Lei Xu , Yuying Zhao , Yutian Chen , Yu Wang , Beier Zhu , Hanwang Zhang , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

Knowledge graph completion aims to predict the new links in given entities among the knowledge graph (KG). Most mainstream embedding methods focus on fact triplets contained in the given KG, however, ignoring the rich background information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Zhaochong An , Bozhou Chen , Houde Quan , Qihui Lin , Hongzhi Wang

Research in analogical reasoning suggests that higher-order cognitive functions such as abstract reasoning, far transfer, and creativity are founded on recognizing structural similarities among relational systems. Here we integrate theories…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-01 James M. Foster , Matt Jones

With software systems becoming increasingly pervasive and autonomous, our ability to test for their quality is severely challenged. Many systems are called to operate in uncertain and highly-changing environment, not rarely required to make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Luca Giamattei , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents aim at learning by interacting with an environment, and are not designed for representing or reasoning with declarative knowledge. Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) paradigms are strong in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Keting Lu , Shiqi Zhang , Peter Stone , Xiaoping Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, rely on singular, pre-dominant reasoning paradigms, hindering their performance on intricate problems that demand diverse cognitive strategies. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zishan Ahmad , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Analogical reasoning is a fundamental capacity of human cognition that allows us to reason abstractly about novel situations by relating them to past experiences. While it is thought to be essential for robust reasoning in AI systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaoyang Hu , Shane Storks , Richard L. Lewis , Joyce Chai

This paper presents a plausible reasoning system to illustrate some broad issues in knowledge representation: dualities between different reasoning forms, the difficulty of unifying complementary reasoning styles, and the approximate nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Wray L. Buntine

We present a description of the PhD thesis which aims to propose a rule-based query answering method for relational data. In this approach we use an additional knowledge which is represented as a set of rules and describes the source data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-12 Jaroslaw Bak

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) provides a compact laboratory for studying abstract reasoning, an ability central to human intelligence. Modern AI systems, including LLMs and ViTs, largely operate as sequence-of-behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhiguang Liu , Yi Shang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their ability to solve complex problems remains limited. In this work, we introduce Cumulative Reasoning (CR), a structured framework that enhances LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifan Zhang , Jingqin Yang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao