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Deep learning methods have been very effective for a variety of medical diagnostic tasks and has even beaten human experts on some of those. However, the black-box nature of the algorithms has restricted clinical use. Recent explainability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Amitojdeep Singh , Sourya Sengupta , Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan

Early diagnosis of diseases holds the potential for deep transformation in healthcare by enabling better treatment options, improving long-term survival and quality of life, and reducing overall cost. With the advent of medical big data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Tim Schubert , Richard W Peck , Alexander Gimson , Camelia Davtyan , Mihaela van der Schaar

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Menaka Narayanan , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

We study the problem of detecting planted solutions in a random satisfiability formula. Adopting the formalism of hypothesis testing in statistical analysis, we describe the minimax optimal rates of detection. Our analysis relies on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-10 Quentin Berthet

A key step in medical diagnosis is giving the patient a universally recognized label (e.g. Appendicitis) which essentially assigns the patient to a class(es) of patients with similar body failures. However, two patients having the same…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Moshe BenBassat

We investigate the problem of jointly testing a pair of composite hypotheses and, depending on the test result, estimating a random parameter under distributional uncertainties. Specifically, it is assumed that the distribution of the data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Dominik Reinhard , Michael Fauß , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

A logic is defined that allows to express information about statistical probabilities and about degrees of belief in specific propositions. By interpreting the two types of probabilities in one common probability space, the semantics given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Manfred Jaeger

Several studies point out different causes of performance degradation in supervised machine learning. Problems such as class imbalance, overlapping, small-disjuncts, noisy labels, and sparseness limit accuracy in classification algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Gustavo A. Valencia-Zapata , Carolina Gonzalez-Canas , Michael G. Zentner , Okan Ersoy , Gerhard Klimeck

Dictionaries are collections of vectors used for representations of random vectors in Euclidean spaces. Recent research on optimal dictionaries is focused on constructing dictionaries that offer sparse representations, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Mohammed Rayyan Sheriff , Debasish Chatterjee

Prediction is critical for decision-making under uncertainty and lends validity to statistical inference. With targeted prediction, the goal is to optimize predictions for specific decision tasks of interest, which we represent via…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-18 Daniel R. Kowal

A computer Program Capable of performing at a human-expert level in a narrow problem domain area is called an expert system. Management of uncertainty is an intrinsically important issue in the design of expert systems because much of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-03 S. J Gath , R. V Kulkarni

We revisit the notion of probably approximately correct implication bases from the literature and present a first formulation in the language of formal concept analysis, with the goal to investigate whether such bases represent a suitable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Daniel Borchmann , Tom Hanika , Sergei Obiedkov

The theory of optimal transportation has developed into a powerful and elegant framework for comparing probability distributions, with wide-ranging applications in all areas of science. The fundamental idea of analyzing probabilities by…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Florian F Gunsilius

The accurate prediction of patient prognosis is a critical challenge in clinical practice. With the availability of various patient information, physicians can optimize medical care by closely monitoring disease progression and therapy…

Applications · Statistics 2023-11-28 He Weiyi

In this paper an efficient model based diagnostic process is described for systems whose components possess a causal relation between their inputs and their outputs. In this diagnostic process, firstly, a set of focuses on likely broken…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Nico Roos

Data-driven optimization uses contextual information and machine learning algorithms to find solutions to decision problems with uncertain parameters. While a vast body of work is dedicated to interpreting machine learning models in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Alexandre Forel , Axel Parmentier , Thibaut Vidal

We consider the problem of constructing probabilistic predictions that lead to accurate decisions when employed by downstream users to inform actions. For a single decision maker, designing an optimal predictor is equivalent to minimizing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Isaac Gibbs , Ryan J. Tibshirani

This paper studies the problem of learning diagnostic policies from training examples. A diagnostic policy is a complete description of the decision-making actions of a diagnostician (i.e., tests followed by a diagnostic decision) for all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-13 V. Bayer-Zubek , T. G. Dietterich

The neural networks have trained on incomplete sets that a doctor could collect. Trained neural networks have correctly classified all the presented instances. The number of intervals entered for encoding the quantitative variables is equal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vitaly Schetinin , Anatoly Brazhnikov

This paper studies whether rationality can be computed. Rationality is defined as the use of complete information, which is processed with a perfect biological or physical brain, in an optimized fashion. To compute rationality one needs to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Tshilidzi Marwala