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We introduce the Xapagy cognitive architecture: a software system designed to perform narrative reasoning. The architecture has been designed from scratch to model and mimic the activities performed by humans when witnessing, reading,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Ladislau Bölöni

The Xapagy architecture is a story-oriented cognitive system which relies exclusively on the autobiographical memory implemented as a raw collection of events. Reasoning is performed by shadowing current events with events from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-28 Ladislau Boloni

Many cognitive systems deploy multiple, closed, individually consistent models which can represent interpretations of the present state of the world, moments in the past, possible futures or alternate versions of reality. While they appear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-27 Ladislau Boloni

An explainable AI (XAI) model aims to provide transparency (in the form of justification, explanation, etc) for its predictions or actions made by it. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on building XAI models, especially to provide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Arjun Akula , Song-Chun Zhu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a crucial role in fostering transparency and trust in AI systems, where traditional XAI approaches typically offer one level of abstraction for explanations, often in the form of heatmaps…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Explainable AI (XAI) interfaces seek to make large language models more transparent, yet explanation alone does not produce understanding. Explaining a system's behavior is not the same as being able to engage with it, to probe and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Gabrielle Benabdallah

The goal of Explainable AI (XAI) is to design methods to provide insights into the reasoning process of black-box models, such as deep neural networks, in order to explain them to humans. Social science research states that such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Van Bach Nguyen , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

This paper presents an explainable AI (XAI) system that provides explanations for its predictions. The system consists of two key components -- namely, the prediction And-Or graph (AOG) model for recognizing and localizing concepts of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Arjun R Akula , Sinisa Todorovic , Joyce Y Chai , Song-Chun Zhu

Recent computational models of the acquisition of spoken language via grounding in perception exploit associations between the spoken and visual modalities and learn to represent speech and visual data in a joint vector space. A major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mitja Nikolaus , Afra Alishahi , Grzegorz Chrupała

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained a swell of interest, as many Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners and developers are compelled to rationalize how such AI-based systems work. Decades back, most XAI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhammad Suffian , Muhammad Yaseen Khan , Alessandro Bogliolo

This paper argues that the problem of identity is a critical challenge in agents which are able to reason about stories. The Xapagy architecture has been built from scratch to perform narrative reasoning and relies on a somewhat unusual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-27 Ladislau Boloni

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research to unravel the opaque inner logic of (deep) machine learning models. Among the various XAI techniques proposed in the literature, counterfactual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Flavio Giorgi , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly significant for improving the interpretability and trustworthiness of machine learning models. While saliency maps have stolen the show for the last few years in the XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Antonin Poché , Lucas Hervier , Mohamed-Chafik Bakkay

Explainable AI Planning (XAIP) aims to develop AI agents that can effectively explain their decisions and actions to human users, fostering trust and facilitating human-AI collaboration. A key challenge in XAIP is model reconciliation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yinxu Tang , Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , William Yeoh

Figurative language is ubiquitous in English. Yet, the vast majority of NLP research focuses on literal language. Existing text representations by design rely on compositionality, while figurative language is often non-compositional. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Yejin Choi , Vered Shwartz

Artificial intelligence now outperforms humans in several scientific and engineering tasks, yet its internal representations often remain opaque. In this Perspective, we argue that explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), combined with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ricardo Vinuesa , Steven L. Brunton , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence has become a crucial area of research, aiming to demystify the decision-making processes of deep learning models. Among various explainability techniques, counterfactual explanations have been proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Flavio Giorgi , Matteo Silvestri , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging field in AI that aims to address the opaque nature of machine learning models. Furthermore, it has been shown that XAI can be used to extract input-output relationships, making them a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Geemi P. Wellawatte , Philippe Schwaller
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