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Frequency-bin quantum encoding shows great promise for quantum communication given its high-dimensional scaling, compatibility with photonic integrated circuits and synergy with classical optical communication technology. However, to date…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Stéphane Vinet , Wilson Wu , Yujie Zhang , Thomas Jennewein

Atmospheric turbulence severely limits the coupling of received optical wavefronts into single-mode fibers in satellite-to-ground free-space optical links. Spatial demultiplexing receivers address this challenge by distributing the incoming…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-20 Nicolas Barré

One of the major challenges for long range, high speed Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication is turbulence induced beam wander. Beam wander causes fluctuations in the received intensity as well as crosstalk in mode division multiplexed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-25 Mitchell A. Cox , Lucas Gailele , Ling Cheng , Andrew Forbes

We study the design parameters for an orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed free-space data link. Power loss, channel crosstalk and power penalty of the link are analyzed in the case of misalignment between the transmitter and receiver…

The ability to use the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom of quantum states of light to encode and transmit information is crucial for the implementation of a robust and efficient quantum network. In particular, the large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Gaurav Nirala , Siva T. Pradyumna , Ashok Kumar , Alberto M. Marino

The plane wave based wireless communications have becoming more and more matured, along with the well utilization of the traditional resources such as time and frequency. To further increase the capacity for rapidly increasing capacity…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-14 Haiyue Jing , Wenchi Cheng , Xiang-Gen Xia , Hailin Zhang

In this paper, we propose a practical adaptive coding modulation scheme to approach the capacity of free-space optical (FSO) channels with intensity modulation/direct detection based on probabilistic shaping. The encoder efficiently adapts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Ahmed Elzanaty , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This paper proposes a unified statistical channel model to characterize the atmospheric turbulence induced distortions faced by orbital angular momentum (OAM) in free space optical (FSO) communication systems. In this channel model, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-24 El-Mehdi Amhoud , Boon S. Ooi , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) possess an unbounded set of orthogonal modes, offering significant potential for optical communication and security. However, exploiting OAM beams in space has been hindered by the lack of…

The performance analysis of free space optical communication (FSO) systems using relays and spatial diversity at the transmitter end is presented in this paper. The impact of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation caused by different…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Pranav Kumar Jha , Nitin Kachare , K Kalyani , D. Sriram Kumar

In this paper, we propose a novel free-space optical (FSO) communication system utilizing optical skyrmions. We introduce a scheme referred to as skyrmion number modulation (SkM), which employs index modulation by encoding information onto…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Ryosuke Hara , Satoshi Iwamoto , Shinya Sugiura

We present a practical scheme for measurement-device-independent polarization shift keying using two state polarization encoding. Most of the previous work on optical free space laser communications through the atmosphere was concentrated…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-25 Ram Soorat , Ashok Vudayagiri

Atmospheric turbulence characterization is crucial for technologies like free-space optical communications. Existing methods using a spatially-integrated one-dimensional (1D) orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum, P(m), obscure the…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-09 Wenjie Jiang , Mingjian Cheng , Lixin Guo , Andrew Forbes

Previous studies on orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication mainly considered line-of-sight environments. In this letter, however, it is found that OAM communication with high-order modulation can be achieved in highly reverberant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-03 Xiaoming Chen , Wei Xue , Hongyu Shi , Jianjia Yi , Wei E. I. Sha

Advances in satellite quantum communications aim at reshaping the global telecommunication network by increasing the security of the transferred information. Here, we study the effects of atmospheric turbulence in continuous-variable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Tasio Gonzalez-Raya , Stefano Pirandola , Mikel Sanz

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is a promising degree of freedom for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD). However, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence is a persistent challenge in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-24 Jiapeng Zhao , Yiyu Zhou , Boris Braverman , Cong Liu , Kai Pang , Nicholas K. Steinhoff , Glenn A. Tyler , Alan E. Willner , Robert W. Boyd

Quantum key distribution (QKD) employed orbital angular momentum (OAM) for high-dimensional encoding enhances the system security and information capacity between two communication parties. However, such advantages significantly degrade…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Zhiwei Tao , Yichong Ren , Azezigul Abdukirim , Shiwei Liu , Ruizhong Rao

We have experimentally studied the degradation of mode purity for light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) propagating through simulated atmospheric turbulence. The turbulence is modeled as a randomly varying phase aberration,…

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the dual-hop free space optical (FSO) communication systems under the effect of strong atmospheric turbulence together with misalignment effects (pointing error). We consider a relay assisted…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Neha Mishra , D. Sriram Kumar , Pranav Kumar Jha

When structured light is propagated through the atmosphere, turbulence results in modal scattering and distortions. An extensively studied example is that of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), where the atmosphere is treated as…

Optics · Physics 2021-09-22 Asher Klug , Isaac Nape , Andrew Forbes