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In the current quantum computing paradigm, significant focus is placed on the reduction or mitigation of quantum decoherence. When designing new quantum processing units, the general objective is to reduce the amount of noise qubits are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Viacheslav Kuzmin , Wilfrid Somogyi , Ekaterina Pankovets , Alexey Melnikov

Fault-tolerant quantum computers compose elements of a discrete gate set in order to approximate a target unitary. The problem of minimising the number of gates is known as gate-synthesis. The approximation error is a form of coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Earl Campbell

Quantum error correction codes are usually designed to correct errors regardless of their physical origins. In large-scale devices, this is an essential feature. In smaller-scale devices, however, the main error sources are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 David Layden , Louisa Ruixue Huang , Paola Cappellaro

In this work, we develop a space-time block code for noncoherent communication using techniques from the field of quantum error correction. We decompose the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel into operators from quantum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-31 S. Andrew Lanham , Travis C. Cuvelier , Corey Ostrove , Brian La Cour , Granville Ott , Robert Heath

Designing quantum error correcting codes that promise a high error threshold, low resource overhead and efficient decoding algorithms is crucial to achieve large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. The concatenated quantum Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Menglong Fang , Daiqin Su

In this paper we extend to asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQECC) the construction methods, namely: puncturing, extending, expanding, direct sum and the (u|u + v) construction. By applying these methods, several families of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-04 Giuliano G. La Guardia

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

Classical coding theory contains several techniques to obtain new codes from other codes, including puncturing and shortening. For quantum codes, a form of puncturing is known, but its description is based on the code space rather than its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jaron Skovsted Gundersen , René Bødker Christensen , Markus Grassl , Petar Popovski , Rafał Wisniewski

Classification of different forms of quantum entanglement is an active area of research, central to development of effective quantum computers, and similar to classification of error-correction codes, where code duality is broadened to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. G. Parker , V. Rijmen

Whether it is at the fabrication stage or during the course of the quantum computation, e.g. because of high-energy events like cosmic rays, the qubits constituting an error correcting code may be rendered inoperable. Such defects may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Thomas Flatters , Simon Benjamin

Operator quantum error-correction is a technique for robustly storing quantum information in the presence of noise. It generalizes the standard theory of quantum error-correction, and provides a unified framework for topics such as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Michael A. Nielsen , David Poulin

It is recently conjectured in quantum information processing that phase-shift errors occur with high probability than qubit-flip errors, hence the former is more disturbing to quantum information than the later one. This leads us to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-30 Salah A. Aly

Covariant codes are quantum codes such that a symmetry transformation on the logical system could be realized by a symmetry transformation on the physical system, usually with limited capability of performing quantum error correction (an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Sisi Zhou , Zi-Wen Liu , Liang Jiang

Noise is typically treated as the adversary of quantum information processing. For open quantum dynamics, however, dissipation is part of the target physics, creating a tension with fault-tolerant architectures designed to suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Sameer Dambal , Michael AD Taylor , Yu Zhang

In this work, we develop the theory of quasi-exact fault-tolerant quantum (QEQ) computation, which uses qubits encoded into quasi-exact quantum error-correction codes ("quasi codes"). By definition, a quasi code is a parametric approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Dong-Sheng Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang , Ningping Cao , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

We revisit the extendability-based semi-definite programming hierarchy introduced by Berta et al. [Mathematical Programming, 1 - 49 (2021)], which provides converging outer bounds on the optimal fidelity of approximate quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Gereon Koßmann , Julius A. Zeiss , Omar Fawzi , Mario Berta

While we expect quantum computers to surpass their classical counterparts in the future, current devices are prone to high error rates and techniques to minimise the impact of these errors are indispensable. There already exists a variety…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Tom Weber , Matthias Riebisch , Kerstin Borras , Karl Jansen , Dirk Krücker

Quantum error-correcting codes protect fragile quantum information by encoding it redundantly, but identifying codes that perform well in practice with minimal overhead remains difficult due to the combinatorial search space and the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yihua Chengyu , Richard Meister , Conor Carty , Sheng-Ku Lin , Roberto Bondesan

Quantum error correction is an indispensable ingredient for scalable quantum computing. In this Perspective we discuss a particular class of quantum codes called low-density parity-check (LDPC) quantum codes. The codes we discuss are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Jens Niklas Eberhardt

We demonstrate that the performance of quantum error correction can be improved with noise-aware decoders that are calibrated to the likelihood of physical error configurations in a device. We show that noise-aware decoding increases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Evan T. Hockings , Andrew C. Doherty , Robin Harper