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Complete security proofs for quantum communication protocols can be notoriously involved, which convolutes their verification, and obfuscates the key physical insights the security finally relies on. In such cases, for the majority of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 A. Pirker , M. Zwerger , V. Dunjko , H. J. Briegel , W. Dür

In realistic continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols, an eavesdropper may exploit the additional Gaussian noise generated during transmission to mask her presence. We present a theoretical framework for a post-selection based…

In a forthcoming paper in IEE Proceedings Information Security, Feng Hao claims that temperature inaccuracies make the key exchange scheme based on Kirchhoff Loop with Johnson-like Noise insecure. First we point out that this claim is…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laszlo B. Kish

The Gaussian quantum key distribution protocol based on coherent states and heterodyne detection [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 170504 (2004)] has the advantage that no active random basis switching is needed on the receiver's side. Its security is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Sudjana , L. Magnin , R. Garcia-Patron , N. J. Cerf

We describe the experimental test of a quantum key distribution performed with a two-way protocol without using entanglement. An individual incoherent eavesdropping is simulated and induces a variable amount of noise on the communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-14 A. Cere' , M. Lucamarini , G. Di Giuseppe , P. Tombesi

Discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution offers a pragmatic solution, greatly simplifying experimental procedures while retaining robust integration with classical optical communication. Theoretical analyses have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Mingze Wu , Junhui Li , Bingjie Xu , Song Yu , Yichen Zhang

Information-theoretic key agreement is impossible to achieve from scratch and must be based on some - ultimately physical - premise. In 2005, Barrett, Hardy, and Kent showed that unconditional security can be obtained in principle based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Esther Hänggi , Renato Renner , Stefan Wolf

We analyze a cryptographic protocol for generating a distributed secret key from correlations that violate a Bell inequality by a sufficient amount, and prove its security against eavesdroppers, constrained only by the assumption that any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-02 Ll. Masanes , R. Renner , M. Christandl , A. Winter , J. Barrett

Secure key distribution among two remote parties is impossible when both are classical, unless some unproven (and arguably unrealistic) computation-complexity assumptions are made, such as the difficulty of factorizing large numbers. On the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-01 Michel Boyer , Ran Gelles , Dan Kenigsberg , Tal Mor

Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) allows two parties (Alice and Bob) to create a shared secret key, even if one of these parties (say, Alice) is classical. However, most SQKD protocols suffer from severe practical security problems when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Walter O. Krawec , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

We study the robustness of quantum key distribution protocols using discrete or continuous variables to the channel noise. We introduce the model of such noise based on coupling of the signal to a thermal reservoir, typical for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-12 Mikołaj Lasota , Radim Filip , Vladyslav C. Usenko

We address the role of noisy squeezing in security and performance of continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. Squeezing has long been recognized for its numerous advantages in CV QKD, such as enhanced robustness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Akash nag Oruganti , Ivan Derkach , Radim Filip , Vladyslav C. Usenko

Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on computational conjectures such as the hardness of prime factorisation to provide security against eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, quantum key distribution protocols like the one…

One of the cornerstones of quantum communication is the unconditionally secure distribution of classical keys between remote parties. This key feature of quantum technology is based on the quantum properties of propagating electromagnetic…

We analyze the security of two-way quantum key distribution using arbitrary finite-dimensional systems, considering both individual and collective eavesdropping attacks, without the effective use of entangled states, by incorporating two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Abhishek Muhuri , Ayan Patra , Rivu Gupta , Tamoghna Das , Aditi Sen De

Quantum key distribution allows two parties, traditionally known as Alice and Bob, to establish a secure random cryptographic key if, firstly, they have access to a quantum communication channel, and secondly, they can exchange classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthias Christandl , Renato Renner , Artur Ekert

Employing the fundamental laws of quantum physics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises the unconditionally secure distribution of cryptographic keys. However, in practical realisations, a QKD protocol is only secure, when the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Muhammad Mubashir Khan , Jie Xu , Almut Beige

We present two efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. The accepted hypothesis of collective noise is that photons travel inside a time window small compared to the variation of noise.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xi-Han Li , Fu-Guo Deng , Hong-Yu Zhou

At Crypto 2011, some of us had proposed a family of cryptographic protocols for key establishment capable of protecting quantum and classical legitimate parties unconditionally against a quantum eavesdropper in the query complexity model.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Aleksandrs Belovs , Gilles Brassard , Peter Hoyer , Marc Kaplan , Sophie Laplante , Louis Salvail

We provide a complete proof of the security of quantum cryptography against any eavesdropping attack including coherent measurements even in the presence of noise. Polarization-based cryptographic schemes are shown to be equivalent to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau