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The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is a paradigmatic quantum phenomenon demonstrating the interference of two indistinguishable photons that are linearly coupled at a 50:50 beam splitter. Here, we transpose such a two-particle quantum interference…

The celebrated Hong, Ou and Mandel (HOM) effect is one of the simplest illustrations of two-particle interference, and is unique to the quantum realm. In the original experiment, two photons arriving simultaneously in the input channels of…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment is a fundamental demonstration of nonclassical interference and a basis for many investigations of quantum information. This experiment involves the interference of two photons reaching a symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Nicholas S. DiBrita , Enrique J. Galvez

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-04 Dmitry N. Makarov

In the original formulation of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment, when two otherwise indistinguishable photons are incident upon the two input ports of a balanced beam splitter, they coalesce, always leaving via the same output port. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Felix Mann , Helen M. Chrzanowski , Marlon Placke , Felipe Gewers , Sven Ramelow

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a striking demonstration of destructive quantum interference between pairs of indistinguishable bosons, realised so far only with massless photons. Here we propose an experiment which can realise this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 R. J. Lewis-Swan , K. V. Kheruntsyan

Two particle interference phenomena, such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, are a direct manifestation of the nature of the symmetry properties of indistinguishable particles as described by quantum mechanics. The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Nils Trautmann , Gergely Ferenczi , Sarah Croke , Stephen M. Barnett

Two-photon interference, known as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, has colossal implications for quantum technology. It was observed in 1987 with two photodetectors monitoring outputs of the beamsplitter illuminated by photon pairs: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Anton N. Vetlugin , Ruixiang Guo , Cesare Soci , Nikolay I. Zheludev

We extensively discuss the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment taking an original phase-space-based perspective. For this, we analyze time and frequency variables as quantum continuous variables in perfect analogy with position and momentum of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Nicolas Fabre , Maria Amanti , Florent Baboux , Arne Keller , Sara Ducci , Pérola Milman

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, an effective two-photon interference phenomenon, is a cornerstone of quantum optics and a key tool for linear optical quantum information processing. While the HOM effect has been extensively studied both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Tareq Jaouni , Xuemei Gu , Mario Krenn , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a quantum optics laboratory experiment that has recently become more accessible to undergraduate students. The experiment consists of two identical photons simultaneously entering a non-polarizing beam…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-09-06 Cyrus Bjurlin , Theresa Chmiel

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect ranks among the most notable quantum interference phenomena, and is central to many applications in quantum technologies. The fundamental effect appears when two independent and indistinguishable photons are…

Interference of two photons at a beamsplitter is at the core of many quantum photonic technologies, such as quantum key distribution or linear-optics quantum computing. Observing high-visibility interference is challenging because of the…

Two-photon interference effects, such as the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, can be used to characterize to what extent two photons are identical. Furthermore, these interference effects underly linear optics quantum computation. We show here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-14 Imran M. Mirza , S. J. van Enk

The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect provides a mechanism to determine the distinguishability of a photon pair by measuring the bunching rates of two photons interfering at a beam splitter. Of particular interest is the distinguishability in time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-28 Hannah Scott , Dominic Branford , Niclas Westerberg , Jonathan Leach , Erik M. Gauger

The Hong-Ou-Mandel test estimates the overlap between spectral functions characterizing the internal degrees of freedom of two single photons. It can be viewed as a photon-native protocol that implements the well-known quantum SWAP test.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Leonardo Novo , Marco Robbio , Ernesto F. Galvão , Nicolas J. Cerf

Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers are valuable tools in many Quantum Information and Quantum Optics applications that require photon indistinguishability. The theoretical limit for the Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility is 0.5 for indistinguishable…

In this paper, we revisit the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which two photons, which meet at a beamsplitter, can interfere destructively, leading to null in coincidence counts. In a standard HOM measurement, the coincidence…

We report direct evidence of the bosonic nature of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a scattering-based beamsplitter. A parametric down-conversion source is used to produce two indistinguishable photons, each of which is converted into a…

Two-photon interference effects arise because photons are indistinguishable particles. In the wellknown Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, the transmission of two photons at a beam splitter interferes destructively with the reflection of both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yuki Kodama , Jonte R. Hance , Holger F. Hofmann
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