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This paper presents a simple decidable logic of functional dependence LFD, based on an extension of classical propositional logic with dependence atoms plus dependence quantifiers treated as modalities, within the setting of generalized…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Alexandru Baltag , Johan van Benthem

First, I introduce quantum graph theory. I also discuss a known lower bound on the independence numbers and derive from it an upper bound on the chromatic numbers of quantum graphs. Then, I construct a family of quantum graphs that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-01 Steven Lu

Scott's graph model is a lambda-algebra based on the observation that continuous endofunctions on the lattice of sets of natural numbers can be represented via their graphs. A graph is a relation mapping finite sets of input values to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Guy McCusker

Functional graphical models have undergone extensive development during the recent years, leading to a variety models such as the functional Gaussian graphical model, the functional copula Gaussian graphical model, the functional Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-23 Kyongwon Kim , Bing Li

We review some independence results in a finite axiom-schematization of classical first-order logic introduced by Norman Megill. We also prove that a certain axiom scheme of this system is independent although all of its instances are…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Benoit Jubin

We consider the number of independent sets in hypergraphs, which allows us to define the independence density of countable hypergraphs. Hypergraph independence densities include a broad family of densities over graphs and relational…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-14 Anthony Bonato , Jason Brown , Dieter Mitsche , Pawel Pralat

In this manuscript we discuss the notion of (statistical) independence embedded in its historical context. We focus in particular on its appearance and role in number theory, concomitantly exploring the intimate connection of independence…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Gunther Leobacher , Joscha Prochno

Graph data has a unique structure that deviates from standard data assumptions, often necessitating modifications to existing methods or the development of new ones to ensure valid statistical analysis. In this paper, we explore the notion…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-09 Cencheng Shen , Jesüs Arroyo , Junhao Xiong , Joshua T. Vogelstein

In order to define graph transformations by the simultaneous application of concurrent rules, we have adopted in previous work a structure of attributed graphs stable by unions. We analyze the consequences on parallel independence, a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Thierry Boy de la Tour

Monadic stability and the more general monadic dependence (or NIP) are tameness conditions for classes of logical structures, studied in the 80's in Shelah's classification program in model theory. They recently emerged in algorithmic and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Wojciech Przybyszewski , Szymon Toruńczyk

Chain graphs give a natural unifying point of view on Markov and Bayesian networks and enlarge the potential of graphical models for description of conditional independence structures. In the paper a direct graphical separation criterion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Milan Studeny

The criterion commonly used in directed acyclic graphs (dags) for testing graphical independence is the well-known d-separation criterion. It allows us to build graphical representations of dependency models (usually probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Silvia Acid , Luis M. de Campos

The theory of colorful graphs can be developed by working in Galois field modulo (p), p > 2 and a prime number. The paper proposes a program of possible conversion of graph theory into a pleasant colorful appearance. We propose to paint the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

Learning causal relations from observational data is a fundamental problem with wide-ranging applications across many fields. Constraint-based methods infer the underlying causal structure by performing conditional independence tests.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Marc Franquesa Monés , Jiaqi Zhang , Caroline Uhler

One of the common obstacles for learning causal models from data is that high-order conditional independence (CI) relationships between random variables are difficult to estimate. Since CI tests with conditioning sets of low order can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Marcel Wienöbst , Maciej Liśkiewicz

We show that the stochastic independence of real-valued random variables is equivalent to the conditional uncorrelation, where the conditioning takes place over the Cartesian products of intervals. Next, we express the mutual independence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Dawid Tarłowski

This paper introduces the notions of independence and conditional independence in valuation-based systems (VBS). VBS is an axiomatic framework capable of representing many different uncertainty calculi. We define independence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Prakash P. Shenoy

In this paper we explore the design of sequent calculi operating on graphs. For this purpose, we introduce a set of logical connectives allowing us to extend the correspondence between cographs and classical propositional formulas to any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Matteo Acclavio

The implication problem for conditional independence (CI) asks whether the fact that a probability distribution obeys a given finite set of CI relations implies that a further CI statement also holds in this distribution. This problem has a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Mathias Drton , Leonard Henckel , Benjamin Hollering , Pratik Misra

Several types of graphs with different conditional independence interpretations --- also known as Markov properties --- have been proposed and used in graphical models. In this paper we unify these Markov properties by introducing a class…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-12 Steffen Lauritzen , Kayvan Sadeghi