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In action domains where agents may have erroneous beliefs, reasoning about the effects of actions involves reasoning about belief change. In this paper, we use a transition system approach to reason about the evolution of an agents beliefs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Aaron Hunter , James P. Delgrande

Handling trust is one of the core requirements for facilitating effective interaction between the human and the AI agent. Thus, any decision-making framework designed to work with humans must possess the ability to estimate and leverage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zahra Zahedi , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

There is a long history in game theory on the topic of Bayesian or "rational" learning, in which each player maintains beliefs over a set of alternative behaviours, or types, for the other players. This idea has gained increasing interest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Stefano V. Albrecht , Jacob W. Crandall , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Belief revision is the process in which an agent incorporates a new piece of information together with a pre-existing set of beliefs. When the new information comes in the form of a report from another agent, then it is clear that we must…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-05-02 Aaron Hunter

Agents' judgment depends on perception and previous knowledge. Assuming that previous knowledge depends on perception, we can say that judgment depends on perception. So, if judgment depends on perception, can agents judge that they have…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-21 Ahmed M. Mahran

While belief functions may be seen formally as a generalization of probabilistic distributions, the question of the interactions between belief functions and probability is still an issue in practice. This question is difficult, since the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-10-03 Frederic Dambreville

An intelligent agent will often be uncertain about various properties of its environment, and when acting in that environment it will frequently need to quantify its uncertainty. For example, if the agent wishes to employ the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Fahiem Bacchus , Adam Grove , Joseph Y. Halpern , Daphne Koller

We characterize a notion of confidence that arises in learning or updating beliefs: the amount of trust one has in incoming information and its impact on the belief state. This learner's confidence can be used alongside (and is easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Oliver Ethan Richardson

Human preferences in RLHF are typically modeled as a function of the human's reward function or corresponding optimal state-action values. In this work, we propose that human beliefs about the capabilities of the agent being trained also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sylee Dandekar , Shripad Deshmukh , Frank Chiu , W. Bradley Knox , Scott Niekum

We study conditioning on null events, or surprises, and behaviorally characterize the Ordered Surprises (OS) representation of beliefs. For feasible events, our Decision Maker (DM) is Bayesian. For null events, our DM considers a hierarchy…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-09 Adam Dominiak , Matthew Kovach , Gerelt Tserenjigmid

We examine how causal beliefs affect an agent's choices and how feedback on those choices leads to updated causal beliefs. Building on the structural-equations framework for modeling causality, we first examine the general problem of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-11 Joseph Y. Halpern , Evan Piermont , Marie-Louise Vierø

In this paper, we study how an agent's belief is affected by her neighbors in a social network. We first introduce a general framework, where every agent has an initial belief on a statement, and updates her belief according to her and her…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-04 Yi Zhou

Surprising events trigger measurable brain activity and influence human behavior by affecting learning, memory, and decision-making. Currently there is, however, no consensus on the definition of surprise. Here we identify 18 mathematical…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-26 Alireza Modirshanechi , Johanni Brea , Wulfram Gerstner

Consensus formation is investigated for multi-agent systems in which agents' beliefs are both vague and uncertain. Vagueness is represented by a third truth state meaning \emph{borderline}. This is combined with a probabilistic model of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-01-15 Michael Crosscombe , Jonathan Lawry

We examine carefully the rationale underlying the approaches to belief change taken in the literature, and highlight what we view as methodological problems. We argue that to study belief change carefully, we must be quite explicit about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Nir Friedman , Joseph Y. Halpern

The problem of assessing the value of a candidate is viewed here as a multiple combination problem. On the one hand a candidate can be evaluated according to different criteria, and on the other hand several experts are supposed to assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Didier Dubois , Michel Grabisch , Henri Prade , Philippe Smets

We study a model of moral hazard with heterogeneous beliefs where each of agent's actions gives rise to a pair of probability distributions over output levels, one representing the beliefs of the agent and the other those of the principal.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-10-12 Martin Dumav , Urmee Khan , Luca Rigotti

Our approach is basically a coherence approach, but we avoid the well-known pitfalls of coherence theories of truth. Consistency is replaced by reliability, which expresses support and attack, and, in principle, every theory (or agent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Karl Schlechta

Understanding how to engage users is a critical question in many applications. Previous research has shown that unexpected or astonishing events can attract user attention, leading to positive outcomes such as engagement and learning. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Nalin Chhibber , Rohail Syed , Mengqiu Teng , Joslin Goh , Kevyn Collins-Thompson , Edith Law

This paper deals with belief base revision that is a form of belief change consisting of the incorporation of new facts into an agent's beliefs represented by a finite set of propositional formulas. In the aim to guarantee more reliability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Raïda Ktari , Mohamed Ayman Boujelben