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Zipf's law of abbreviation, the tendency of more frequent words to be shorter, is one of the most solid candidates for a linguistic universal, in the sense that it has the potential for being exceptionless or with a number of exceptions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Sonia Petrini , Antoni Casas-i-Muñoz , Jordi Cluet-i-Martinell , Mengxue Wang , Chris Bentz , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

In this note, we study convergence rates in the law of large numbers for independent and identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations. We obtain a strong $L^p$-convergence version and a strongly quasi sure…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Ze-Chun Hu , Ning-Hua Liu , Ting Ma

Natural languages are full of rules and exceptions. One of the most famous quantitative rules is Zipf's law which states that the frequency of occurrence of a word is approximately inversely proportional to its rank. Though this `law' of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-27 Jake Ryland Williams , James P. Bagrow , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

Despite the recent successes of deep learning in natural language processing (NLP), there remains widespread usage of and demand for techniques that do not rely on machine learning. The advantage of these techniques is their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Adam Hare , Yu Chen , Yinan Liu , Zhenming Liu , Christopher G. Brinton

We consider two Ito equations that evolve on different time scales. The equations are fully coupled in the sense that all coefficients may depend on both the "slow" and the "fast" processes and the diffusion terms may be correlated. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-13 Anatolii A. Puhalskii

Let $\{{\bf \mathcal{Z}}_n:n\geq 1\}$ be a sequence of i.i.d. random probability measures. Independently, for each $n\geq 1$, let $(X_{n1},\ldots, X_{nn})$ be a random vector of positive random variables that add up to one. This paper…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Shui Feng

We prove two Large deviations principles (LDP) in the zone of moderate deviation probabilities. First we establish LDP for the conditional distributions of moderate deviations of empirical bootstrap measures given empirical probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-22 Mikhail Ermakov

We consider temporal models of rapidly changing Markovian networks modulated by time-evolving spatially dependent kernels that define rates for edge formation and dissolution. Alternatively, these can be viewed as Markovian networks with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-11 Shankar Bhamidi , Amarjit Budhiraja , Souvik Ray

We study the task, for a given language $L$, of enumerating the (generally infinite) sequence of its words, without repetitions, while bounding the delay between two consecutive words. To allow for delay bounds that do not depend on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Antoine Amarilli , Mikaël Monet

Building accurate language models that capture meaningful long-term dependencies is a core challenge in natural language processing. Towards this end, we present a calibration-based approach to measure long-term discrepancies between a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Mark Braverman , Xinyi Chen , Sham M. Kakade , Karthik Narasimhan , Cyril Zhang , Yi Zhang

In this work, we study the problem of finding the asymptotic growth rate of the number of of $d$-dimensional arrays with side length $n$ over a given alphabet which avoid a list of one-dimensional "forbidden" words along all cardinal…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-03-27 Tom Meyerovitch , Ronnie Pavlov

We prove a {\it{quenched}} large deviation principle (LDP) for a simple random walk on a supercritical percolation cluster on $\Z^d$, $d\geq 2$.. We take the point of view of the moving particle and first prove a quenched LDP for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-02 Noam Berger , Chiranjib Mukherjee

We consider a class of Markov processes with resettings, where at random times, the Markov processes are restarted from a predetermined point or a region. These processes are frequently applied in physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-18 A. Logachov , O. Logachova , A. Yambartsev

In this paper we introduce and study renewal-reward processes in random environments where each renewal involves a reward taking values in a Banach space. We derive quenched large deviation principles and identify the associated rate…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Frank den Hollander , Marco Zamparo

We prove a large deviation principle for a greedy exploration process on an Erd\"os-R\'enyi (ER) graph when the number of nodes goes to infinity. To prove our main result, we use the general strategy to study large deviations of processes…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-11 P. Bermolen , V. Goicoechea , M. Jonckheere , E. Mordecki

A new upper bound on the relative entropy is derived as a function of the total variation distance for probability measures defined on a common finite alphabet. The bound improves a previously reported bound by Csisz\'ar and Talata. It is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-20 Igal Sason , Sergio Verdu

We study two problems. First, we consider the large deviation behavior of empirical measures of certain diffusion processes as, simultaneously, the time horizon becomes large and noise becomes vanishingly small. The law of large numbers…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Amarjit Budhiraja , Pavlos Zoubouloglou

The standard Large Deviation Theory (LDT) mirrors the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) factor which describes the thermal equilibrium of short-range Hamiltonian systems, the velocity distribution of which is Maxwellian. It is generically applicable to…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-03 Ugur Tirnakli , Mauricio Marques , Constantino Tsallis

We study numerically the distributions of the length $L$ of the longest increasing subsequence (LIS) for the two cases of random permutations and of one-dimensional random walks. Using sophisticated large-deviation algorithms, we are able…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-04-05 Jörn Börjes , Hendrik Schawe , Alexander K. Hartmann

Let $A$ be a transition probability kernel on a finite state space $\Delta^o =\{1, \ldots , d\}$ such that $A(x,y)>0$ for all $x,y \in \Delta^o$. Consider a reinforced chain given as a sequence $\{X_n, \; n \in \mathbb{N}_0\}$ of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-20 Amarjit Budhiraja , Adam Waterbury