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Constraints on work extraction are fundamental to our operational understanding of the thermodynamics of both classical and quantum systems. In the quantum setting, finite-time control operations typically generate coherence in the…

Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information applications and achieving high values independently of the initial conditions is an important task. Here we address the problem of generating highly entangled states in a discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Aikaterini Gratsea , Friederike Metz , Thomas Busch

We consider the amount of work which can be extracted from a heat bath using a bipartite state shared by two parties. In general it is less then the amount of work extractable when one party is in possession of the entire state. We derive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jonathan Oppenheim , Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki

A suitable way of quantifying work for microscopic quantum systems has been constantly debated in the field of quantum thermodynamics. One natural approach is to measure the average increase in energy of an ancillary system, called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Nelly Huei Ying Ng , Mischa Woods , Stephanie Wehner

We show that a cyclic unitary process can extract work from the thermodynamic equilibrium state of an engineered quantum dissipative process. Systems in the equilibrium states of these processes serve as batteries, storing energy. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Felipe Barra

We investigate the thermodynamic constraints on the pivotal task of entanglement generation using out-of-equilibrium states through a model-independent framework with minimal assumptions. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 A. de Oliveira Junior , Jeongrak Son , Jakub Czartowski , Nelly H. Y. Ng

We present a theoretical analysis of the energy recovery efficiency for quantum batteries composed of many identical quantum cells undergoing noise. While the possibility of using quantum effects to speed up the charging processes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Salvatore Tirone , Raffaele Salvia , Stefano Chessa , Vittorio Giovannetti

The advantage of quantum batteries is that quantum resources can be used to improve charging efficiency. The quantum resources that are known to be available are: quantum entanglement and quantum coherence. In this paper, we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Dayang Zhang , Shuangquan Ma , Yunxiu Jiang , Youbin Yu , Guangri Jin , Aixi Chen

In an article by Garc\'ia-Pintos et al. [Rev. Lett. 125, 040601 (2020)] the connection between the charging power of a quantum battery and the fluctuations of a "free energy operator" whose expectation value characterizes the maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Shang-Yung Wang

The presence of correlations in the input state of a non-interacting many-body quantum system can lead to an increase in the amount of work we can extract from it under global unitary processes (ergotropy). The present work explore such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Raffaele Salvia , Vittorio Giovannetti

Understanding the role of classical and quantum correlations in work extraction is a problem of fundamental importance in thermodynamics. We approach this problem by considering that, in closed quantum systems, the maximum cyclic work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Gianluca Francica

With the progress of nano-technology, thermodynamics also has to be scaled down, calling for specific protocols to extract and measure work. Usually, such protocols involve the action of an external, classical field (the battery) of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Cyril Elouard , Maxime Richard , Alexia Auffèves

It has been shown that the vacuum state of a free quantum field is entangled and such vacuum entanglement can be harvested by a pair of initially uncorrelated detectors interacting locally with the vacuum field for a finite time. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Hui Hu , Jialin Zhang , Hongwei Yu

Identifying the origin of enhanced charging performance in many-body quantum batteries remains a central challenge in quantum thermodynamics. It is unclear whether improvements in stored energy and instantaneous charging power stem from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Rohit Kumar Shukla , Sunil K. Mishra , Ujjwal Sen

We quantify the capability of creating entanglement for a general physical interaction acting on two qubits. We give a procedure for optimizing the generation of entanglement. We also show that a Hamiltonian can create more entanglement if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-02 W. Dür , G. Vidal , J. I. Cirac , N. Linden , S. Popescu

A local measurement extracts work as a backaction, e.g., in a system of two entangled cavities: first cavity, $a$, comprises a piston and the measurement is carried out on the second cavity, $b$. When no one makes a measurement on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Rasim Volga Ovali , Shakir Ullah , Mehmet Gunay , Mehmet Emre Tasgin

Embezzlement of entanglement is the counterintuitive process in which entanglement is extracted from a resource system using local unitary operations, with almost no detectable change in the resource's state. It has recently been argued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Tal Schwartzman

We consider work extraction from $N$ copies of a quantum system. When the same work-extraction process is implemented on each copy, the relative size of fluctuations is expected to decay as $1/\sqrt{N}$. Here, we consider protocols where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-15 Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Raam Uzdin

We investigate work extraction from non-interacting fermions under arbitrary unitary operations and the more restricted class of Gaussian unitary operations that can be feasibly implemented. We characterize general quantum states in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Marvellous Onuma-Kalu , Robert B. Mann

Energy extraction is a central task in thermodynamics. In quantum physics, ergotropy measures the amount of work extractable under cyclic Hamiltonian control. As its full extraction requires perfect knowledge of the initial state, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Dominik Šafránek , Dario Rosa , Felix Binder