Related papers: Low Energy Cosmic Rays and the Disturbed Magnetosp…
The transport of the nuclear cosmic ray flux in the atmosphere is studied and the atmospheric corrections to be applied to the measurements are calculated. The contribution of the calculated corrections to the accuracy of the experimental…
We give a brief (and highly incomplete) overview of the current experimental and theoretical status of high energy cosmic rays and their secondary gamma-rays and neutrinos. We focus on the role of large scale magnetic fields and on…
Cosmic rays are the main agents in controlling the chemical evolution and setting the ambipolar diffusion time of a molecular cloud. We summarise the processes causing the energy degradation of cosmic rays due to their interaction with…
Low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic background are captured by objects in the sky that contain material susceptible of single beta decay. Neutrons, which compose most of a neutron star, capture low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic neutrino…
After a century of observations, we still do not know the origin of cosmic rays. I will review the current state of cosmic ray observations at the highest energies, and their implications for proposed acceleration models and secondary…
The starburst galaxies M82 and NGC253 have been proposed as the primary sources of cosmic rays with energies above $10^{18.7}$ eV. For energies $\agt 10^{20.3}$ eV the model predicts strong anisotropies. We calculate the probabilities that…
The theoretical calculations of the production of neutrinos via cosmic rays incident upon the earth's atmosphere (Barr et al., 1989; Becker-Szendy et al., 1992; Bugaev & Naumov, 1989; Gaisser et al, 1988; Honda et al., 1995) are examined.…
The amplitude of the Compton-Getting (CG) anisotropy contains the power-law index of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. Based on this relation and using the Tibet air-shower array data, we measure the cosmic-ray spectral index to be $-3.03 \pm…
The possibility to reduce the background due to cosmic ray charged particles by the use of magnetic field in the ground based low energy particle detectors is explored. The degree of reduction of cosmic rays as a function of the magnetic…
Cosmic rays are charged particles whose flux observed at Earth shows temporal variations related to space weather phenomena and may be an important tool to study them. The cosmic ray intensity recorded with ground-based detectors also shows…
The origin of cosmic rays is one of the major unresolved questions in astrophysics. In particular, the highest energy cosmic rays observed possess macroscopic energies and their origin is likely associated with the most energetic processes…
Experimental results from Haverah Park, Yakutsk, AGASA and Fly's Eye are reviewed. All these experiments work in the energy range above 0.1 EeV. The 'dip' structure around 3 EeV in the energy spectrum is well established by all the…
The propagation of gamma-rays over cosmological distances is the subject of extensive theoretical and observational research at GeV and TeV energies. The mean free path of gamma-rays in the cosmic web is limited above 100 GeV due to the…
The role of nearby galactic sources, the supernova remnants, in formation of observed energy spectrum and anisotropy of high-energy cosmic rays is studied. The list of these sources is made up based on radio, X-ray and gamma-ray catalogues.…
We calculate the diffusion coefficients of charged cosmic rays (CR) propagating in regular and turbulent magnetic fields. If the magnetic field is dominated by an isotropic turbulent component, we find that CRs reside too long in the…
Understanding the acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays is one of the great challenges of contemporary astrophysics. In this short review, we summarize the general observational constraints on their composition, spectrum and…
The north-south (NS) anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) is dominated by a diamagnetic drift flow of GCRs in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), allowing us to derive key parameters of cosmic-ray propagation, such as the density…
This rapporteur review covers selected results presented in the Parallel Session HEA2 (High Energy Astrophysics 2) of the 10th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 2003. The subtopics are:…
Among many other measurable quantities the summer of 2009 saw a considerable low in the radiative output of the Sun that was temporally coincident with the largest cosmic ray flux ever measured at 1AU. A hemispheric asymmetry in magnetic…
Determining the spatial distribution of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is fundamental to understand how these particles propagate in interstellar space and to infer their source spectra. The most sensitive method of studying this problem is…