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We present a halo-model-based approach to calculate the cross-correlation between $\rm{21\,cm}$ HI intensity fluctuations and $\rm{Ly}\alpha$ emitters (LAE) during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Ionizing radiation around dark matter halos…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-06 Chang Feng , Asantha Cooray , Brian Keating

The cross-correlation between fluctuations in the electron scattering optical depth $\tau_{\rm es}$ as probed by future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, and fluctuations in the 21cm differential brightness temperature $\Delta…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-07 Anirban Roy , Andrea Lapi , David Spergel , Soumen Basak , Carlo Baccigalupi

The 21 cm linear polarization due to Thomson scattering off free electrons can probe the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium during the epoch of reionization, complementary to the 21 cm temperature fluctuations.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Bohua Li , Jianrong Tan , Yi Mao

The cross-correlation between high redshift galaxies and 21 cm emission from the high redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) promises to be an excellent probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). On large scales, the 21 cm and galaxy fields are…

The polarization of the 21-cm radiation from the epoch of reionization arises from Thomson scattering of 21-cm photons from free electrons and provides information that complements that from the intensity fluctuation. Previous work showed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Lingyuan Ji , Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski

Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line during the Epoch of Reionization will open a new window to probe the intergalactic medium during the formation of the first stars, galaxies, and black holes. A particularly promising route to an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kai-Feng Chen , Meredith Neyer , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Aaron Smith , Mark Vogelsberger

With improving telescopes, it may now be possible to observe the Epoch of Reionization in multiple ways. We examine two of these observables - the excess light in the near-infrared background that may be due to high redshift stars and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-19 Elizabeth R. Fernandez , Saleem Zaroubi , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Vibor Jelic

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR)---when neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium was systematically ionized---is a period in our Universe's history that is currently poorly understood. However, a key prediction of most models is a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-25 Michael Pagano , Adrian Liu

Using a combination of N-body simulations, semi-analytic models and radiative transfer calculations, we have estimated the theoretical cross power spectrum between galaxies and the 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen during the epoch of…

Detection of the redshifted 21cm-line signal from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is complicated by intense foregrounds such as galactic synchrotron and extragalactic radio galaxies.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-31 Kenji Kubota , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Kenji Hasegawa , Hidenobu Yajima , Masami Ouchi , B. Pindor , R. L. Webster

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

Of the many probes of reionization, the 21 cm line and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are among the most effective. We examine how the cross-correlation of the 21 cm brightness and the CMB Doppler fluctuations on large angular scales…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-02-20 Peter Adshead , Steven Furlanetto

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville

Measurement of the 21cm hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen provides a unique probe of the epoch of reionization and the Dark Ages. Three major mechanisms are believed to dominate the radiation process: emission from neutral hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Qian Zheng

Cross-correlations between 21cm observations and galaxy surveys provide a powerful probe of reionization by reducing foreground sensitivity while linking ionization morphology to galaxies. We quantify the constraining power of 21cm-Galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yannic Pietschke , Anne Hutter , Caroline Heneka

Reionization is thought to be dominated by low mass galaxies, while direct observations of resolved galaxies probe only the most massive, rarest objects. The cross-correlation between fluctuations in the surface brightness of the cumulative…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-19 Stuart Wyithe , Avi Loeb , Brian Schmidt

We study the prospects for extracting detailed statistical properties of the neutral Hydrogen distribution during the era of reionization using the brightness temperature fluctuations from redshifted 21 cm line emission. Detection of this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. G. Santos , A. Cooray , L. Knox

The neutral hydrogen (HI) and its 21 cm line are promising probes to the reionization process of the intergalactic medium (IGM). To use this probe effectively, it is imperative to have a good understanding on how the neutral hydrogen traces…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Wenxiao Xu , Yidong Xu , Bin Yue , Ilian T Iliev , Hy Trac , Liang Gao , Xuelei Chen

Neutral hydrogen around high-z QSO and an optical depth tau ~ 0.17 can be reconciled if reionization is more complex than a single transition at z ~ 6-8. Tracing its details could shed a new light on the first sources of radiation. Here we…

The fluctuations in the emission of redshifted 21cm photons from neutral inter-galactic hydrogen will provide an unprecedented probe of the reionization era. Conventional wisdom assumes that this 21cm signal disappears as soon as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb
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