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Topological insulators have an insulating bulk but a metallic surface. In the simplest case, the surface electronic structure of a 3D topological insulator is described by a single 2D Dirac cone. A single 2D Dirac fermion cannot be realized…
Topological states of electrons present new avenues to explore the rich phenomenology of correlated quantum matter. Topological insulators (TIs) in particular offer an experimental setting to study novel quantum critical points (QCPs) of…
Recent angle-resolved photoemission experiments have observed a proximity-induced superconducting gap in the helical surface states of a thin film of the 3D topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ grown on a superconducting NbSe$_2$ substrate.…
Defect-free SrTiO3 (STO) is a band insulator but Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments have demonstrated the existence of a nanometer thin two-dimensional electron liquid (2DEG) at the (001) oriented surface of this…
We explore topological transitions in the type of propagation of surface electromagnetic modes in massive anisotropic tilted Dirac systems. The presence of tilting and mass gives rise to an indirect band gap that strongly modifies the joint…
We study transport across a time-dependent magnetic barrier present on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. We show that such a barrier can be implemented for Dirac electrons on the surface of a three-dimensional…
We study experimentally the transport properties of "inverted" semiconductor HgTe-based quantum well, which is related to the two-dimensional topological insulator, in diffusive transport regime. We perform nonlocal electrical measurements…
Surface states of topological insulators (TIs) have been playing the central role in the majority of outstanding investigations in low-dimensional electron systems for more than 10 years. TIs based on high-quality strained HgTe films…
Bi2Te3 is a member of a new class of materials known as topological insulators which are supposed to be insulating in the bulk and conducting on the surface. However experimental verification of the surface states has been difficult in…
Topological insulators represent a novel state of matter with surface charge carriers having a massless Dirac dispersion and locked helical spin polarization. Many exciting experiments have been proposed by theory, yet, their execution have…
In a topological insulator (TI) the character of electron transport varies from insulating in the interior of the material to metallic near its surface. Unlike, however, ordinary metals, conducting surface states in TIs are topologically…
Topological surface states have been extensively observed via optics in thin films of topological insulators. However, in typical thick single crystals of these materials, bulk states are dominant and it is difficult for optics to verify…
In this chapter, criteria for existence of propagating optical modes which are transversely bound at the interface of two materials are studied. In particular, quite general cases are considered, where the materials involved are assumed to…
Dirac semimetals (DSMs) have topologically robust three-dimensional Dirac (doubled Weyl) nodes with Fermi-arc states. In heterostructures involving DSMs, charge transfer occurs at the interfaces, which can be used to probe and control their…
A low-energy theory for the helical metallic states, residing on the surface of cubic topological Kondo insulators, is derived. Despite our analysis being primarily focused on a prototype topological Kondo insulator, Samarium hexaboride…
Topological superconductors are an intriguing and elusive quantum phase, characterized by topologically protected gapless surface/edge states residing in a bulk superconducting gap, which hosts Majorana fermions. Unfortunately, all…
Three-dimensional topological insulators and topological crystalline insulators represent new quantum states of matter, which are predicted to have insulating bulk states and spin-momentum-locked gapless surface states. Experimentally, it…
By numerically solving the effective continuous model of a topological insulator with parameters corresponding to the band structure of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 , we analyze possible appearance of one-dimensional states in various…
Morphology of the interlayer van der Waals surface and differential tunneling conductance in p-Bi2-xSbxTe3-ySey solid solutions were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy in dependence on compositions. Topological…
The topological aspects of electrons in solids emerge in realistic matters as represented by topological insulators. They are expected to show a variety of new magneto-electric phenomena, and especially the ones hosting superconductivity…