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These informal notes deal with some basic properties of metric spaces, especially concerning lengths of curves.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-09-27 Stephen Semmes

Polytopes from subgraph statistics are important in applications and conjectures and theorems in extremal graph theory can be stated as properties of them. We have studied them with a view towards applications by inscribing large explicit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-22 Alexander Engström , Patrik Norén

Geometric graphs are a special kind of graph with geometric features, which are vital to model many scientific problems. Unlike generic graphs, geometric graphs often exhibit physical symmetries of translations, rotations, and reflections,…

A signed graph $\Sigma$ is a pair $(G,\sigma)$, where $G=(V,E)$ is the underlying graph in which each edge is assigned $+1$ or $-1$ by the signature function $\sigma:E\rightarrow\{-1,+1\}$. In this paper, we extend the extensively applied…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Shahul Hameed K , Remna K P , Divya T2 , Biju K , Rajeevan P , Santhosh G O2 , Ramakrishnan K O

Metric graphs are often introduced based on combinatorics, upon "associating" each edge of a graph with an interval; or else, casually "gluing" a collection of intervals at their endpoints in a network-like fashion. Here we propose an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-17 Delio Mugnolo

The aim of these notes is to present an accessible overview of some topics in classical algebraic geometry which have applications to aspects of discrete integrable systems. Precisely, we focus on surface theory on the algebraic geometry…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-15 Gessica Alecci , Michele Graffeo , Alexander Stokes

This paper develops a structural theory of unique shortest paths in real-weighted graphs. Our main goal is to characterize exactly which sets of node sequences, which we call path systems, can be realized as unique shortest paths in a graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Greg Bodwin

These are notes on discrete mathematics for computer scientists. The presentation is somewhat unconventional. Indeed I begin with a discussion of the basic rules of mathematical reasoning and of the notion of proof formalized in a natural…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-05-06 Jean Gallier

In this paper I survey the sources of inspiration for my own and co-authored work in trying to develop a general theory of graph polynomials. I concentrate on meta-theorems, i.e., theorem which depend only on the form infinite classes of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Johann A. Makowsky

In this partly expository paper we discuss and describe some of our old and recent results on partial orders on the set (m,n)-graphs (i.e. graphs with n vertices and m edges) and some operations on graphs that are monotone with respect to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-24 Alexander Kelmans

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of strong neutrosophic graphs. They are very different from the usual graphs and neutrosophic graphs. Using these new structures special subgraph topological spaces are defined.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Ilanthenral K , Florentin Smarandache

Discrete curvatures are quantities associated to the nodes and edges of a graph that reflect the local geometry around them. These curvatures have a rich mathematical theory and they have recently found success as a tool to analyze networks…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-02 Michelle Roost , Karel Devriendt , Giulio Zucal , Jürgen Jost

These lecture notes are meant to serve as an introduction to some geometric constructions and techniques (in particular the ones of toric geometry) often employed by the physicist working on string theory compactifications. The emphasis is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-29 S. Reffert

We introduce a categorical formalism for rewriting surface-embedded graphs. Such graphs can represent string diagrams in a non-symmetric setting where we guarantee that the wires do not intersect each other. The main technical novelty is a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Malin Altenmüller , Ross Duncan

We unify several seemingly different graph and digraph classes under one umbrella. These classes are all broadly speaking different generalizations of interval graphs, and include, in addition to interval graphs, also adjusted interval…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Pavol Hell , Jing Huang , Ross M. McConnell , Arash Rafiey

These notes concern aspects of various graphs whose vertex set is a group $G$ and whose edges reflect group structure in some way (so that they are invariant under the action of the automorphism group of $G$). The graphs I will discuss are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-29 Peter J. Cameron

The $t$-e.c. and pseudo-random property are typical properties of random graphs. In this note, we study the gap between them which has not been studied well. As a main result, we give the first explicit construction of infinite families of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Shohei Satake

Signal processing on graphs has received a lot of attention in the recent years. A lot of techniques have arised, inspired by classical signal processing ones, to allow studying signals on any kind of graph. A common aspect of these…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-18 Bastien Pasdeloup , Michael Rabbat , Vincent Gripon , Dominique Pastor , Grégoire Mercier

The fundamental role of on-shell diagrams in quantum field theory has been recently recognized. On-shell diagrams, or equivalently bipartite graphs, provide a natural bridge connecting gauge theory to powerful mathematical structures such…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Sebastian Franco , Daniele Galloni , Alberto Mariotti

This paper studies signed graphs with possible outer-edges. We introduce and investigate the chain group, the boundary operator, the co-boundary operator, the flow group, the tension group, the homology group, the cohomology group, with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Beifang Chen