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A sock sequence is a sequence of elements, which we will refer to as socks, from a finite alphabet. A sock sequence is sorted if all occurrences of a sock appear consecutively. We define equivalence classes of sock sequences called sock…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-27 Janabel Xia

Let $s$ be West's stack-sorting map, and let $s_{T}$ be the generalized stack-sorting map, where instead of being required to increase, the stack avoids subpermutations that are order-isomorphic to any permutation in the set $T$. In 2020,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Christopher Bao , Giulio Cerbai , Yunseo Choi , Katelyn Gan , Owen Zhang

We examine different generalizations of checking stack automata by allowing multiple input heads and multiple stacks, and characterize their computing power in terms of two-way multi-head finite automata and space-bounded Turing machines.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

A cyclic order may be thought of informally as a way to seat people around a table, perhaps for a game of chance or for dinner. Given a set of agents such as $\{A,B,C\}$, we can formalize this by defining a cyclic order as a permutation or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Karl-Dieter Crisman , Abraham Holleran , Micah Martin , Josephine Noonan

Partially ordered patterns (POPs) play an important role in the study of permutation patterns, providing a convenient framework for describing large families of classical patterns. The problem of enumerating permutations that avoid POPs has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Shiqi Cao , Huihua Gao , Sergey Kitaev , Yitian Li

We extend and generalize many of the enumerative results concerning West's stack-sorting map $s$. First, we prove a useful theorem that allows one to efficiently compute $|s^{-1}(\pi)|$ for any permutation $\pi$, answering a question of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Colin Defant

Several sequences of free cumulants that count binary plane trees correspond to sequences of classical cumulants that count the decreasing versions of the same trees. Using two new operations on colored binary plane trees that we call…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Colin Defant

We present a sorting algorithm that works in-place, executes in parallel, is cache-efficient, avoids branch-mispredictions, and performs work O(n log n) for arbitrary inputs with high probability. The main algorithmic contributions are new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Michael Axtmann , Sascha Witt , Daniel Ferizovic , Peter Sanders

We examine the one-humped map at the period-doubling transition to chaos, and ask whether its long-term memory is stack-like (last-in, first-out) or queue-like (first-in, first-out). We show that it can be recognized by a real-time…

chao-dyn · Physics 2007-05-23 Cristopher Moore , Porus Lakdawala

In this paper, we study a distribution of labeled particles on a continuous ring. It arises in three different ways, all related to the multi-type TASEP on a ring. We prove formulas for the probability density function for some permutations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Erik Aas , Svante Linusson

When a set of permutations comprising a pattern class C is submitted as input to a priority queue the resulting output is again a pattern class C'. The basis of C' is determined for pattern classes C whose basis elements have length 3, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-09 Michael Albert , M. D. Atkinson

We classify all isomorphisms between moduli stacks of vector bundles of fixed determinant on a smooth complex projective of genus at least 4. It is shown that each isomorphism between two different moduli stacks can be described as a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-26 David Alfaya , Indranil Biswas , Tomás L. Gómez

We consider the following general model of a sorting procedure: we fix a hereditary permutation class $\mathcal{C}$, which corresponds to the operations that the procedure is allowed to perform in a single step. The input of sorting is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Vít Jelínek , Michal Opler , Jakub Pekárek

We use a method for determining the number of preimages of any permutation under the stack-sorting map in order to obtain recursive upper bounds for the numbers $W_t(n)$ and $W_t(n,k)$ of $t$-stack sortable permutations of length $n$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Colin Defant

Double circulant matrices are introduced and studied. A formula to compute the rank r of a double circulant matrix is exhibited; and it is shown that any consecutive r rows of the double circulant matrix are linearly independent. As a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Yun Fan , Hualu Liu

Permutation sorting, one of the fundamental steps in pre-processing data for the efficient application of other algorithms, has a long history in mathematical research literature and has numerous applications. Two special-purpose sorting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-22 K. L. M. Adamyk , E. Holmes , G. R. Mayfield , D. J. Moritz , M. Scheepers , B. E. Tenner , H. C. Wauck

Integer sorting is a fundamental problem in computer science. This paper studies parallel integer sort both in theory and in practice. In theory, we show tighter bounds for a class of existing practical integer sort algorithms, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiaojun Dong , Laxman Dhulipala , Yan Gu , Yihan Sun

Suppose $n$ different pairs of socks are put in a tumble dryer. When the dryer is finished socks are taken out one by one, if a sock matches one of the socks on the sorting table both are removed, otherwise it is put on the table until its…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-18 Simon Korbel , Peter Mörters

We study the set of all pseudoline arrangements with contact points which cover a given support. We define a natural notion of flip between these arrangements and study the graph of these flips. In particular, we provide an enumeration…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-14 Vincent Pilaud , Michel Pocchiola

We present new theoretical algorithms that sums the n-ary comparators output in order to get the permutation indices in order to sort a sequence. By analysing the parallel ranking algorithm, we found that the special comparators number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jonathan Blanchette , Robert Laganière
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