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We study how the interplay between the memory immune response and pathogen mutation affects epidemic dynamics in two related models. The first explicitly models pathogen mutation and individual memory immune responses, with contacted…

The search to understand how the HIV virus spreads inside the human body and how the immune response works to control it has motivated studies related to Mathematical Immunology. Actually, researches include the idea of mathematical models…

In people infected with HIV the RNA viral load is a good predictor of the rate of loss of CD4 cells at a population level but there is still great variability in the rate of decline of CD4 cells among individuals. Here we show that the…

Metamorphic viruses engage different mutation techniques to escape from string signature based scanning. They try to change their code in new offspring so that the variants appear non-similar and have no common sequences of string as…

HIV virus replication is a time-related process that includes several stages. Focusing on the core steps, RNA polymerase II transcripts in an early stage pre-mRNA containing regulator proteins (i.e nef,tat,rev,vif,vpr,vpu), which are…

Viral infections trigger complex immune responses with heterogeneous outcomes shaped by nonlinear feedbacks. An ordinary differential equation model is developed to investigate immune response dynamics during viral infection, incorporating…

The minimum description length (MDL) principle states that the best model to account for some data minimizes the sum of the lengths, in bits, of the descriptions of the model and the residual error. The description length is thus a…

HIV dynamic studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of HIV pathogenesis and antiviral treatment strategies for AIDS patients. Establishing the relationship of virologic responses with clinical factors and covariates…

Mathematical models of infectious disease transmission typically neglect within-host dynamics. Yet within-host dynamics - including pathogen replication, host immune responses, and interactions with microbiota - are crucial not only for…

Background. In a number of recent experiments with food-and-mouth disease virus, a deleterious mutant, was found to avoid extinction and remain in the population for long periods of time. This observation was called quasispecies memory. The…

Dynamic models have been successfully used in producing estimates of HIV epidemics at the national level due to their epidemiological nature and their ability to estimate prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates simultaneously. Recently,…

A virologic marker, the number of HIV RNA copies or viral load, is currently used to evaluate antiretroviral (ARV) therapies in AIDS clinical trials. This marker can be used to assess the ARV potency of therapies, but is easily affected by…

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a widely spread disease all over the world. HCV has very high mutation rate that makes it resistant to antibodies. Modeling HCV to identify the virus mutation process is essential to its detection and predicting…

Random mixing in host populations has been a convenient simplifying assumption in the study of epidemics, but neglects important differences in contact rates within and between population groups. For HIV/AIDS, the assumption of random…

We make a mathematical analysis of an age structured HIV infection model with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions to understand the dynamical behavior of HIV infection in vivo. In the model, we consider the proliferation of…

This paper investigates the effect of drug treatment on the standard within-host HIV model, assuming that therapy occurs periodically. It is shown that eradication is possible under these periodic regimes, and we quantitatively characterize…

Being the HIV-1 Protease (HIV-1-PR) an essential enzyme in the viral life cycle, its inhibition can control AIDS. The folding of single domain proteins, like each of the monomers forming the HIV-1-PR homodimer, is controlled by local…

Viral deep-sequencing data play a crucial role toward understanding disease transmission network flows, because the higher resolution of these data compared to standard Sanger sequencing provide evidence into the direction of infectious…

This study was sparked by an extensive longitudinal dataset focusing on HIV CD4 T$^+$ cell counts from Livingstone district, Zambia. Analysis of the corresponding histogram plots reveals an absence of symmetry in the marginal distributions,…

We consider a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) model with a logistic growth term and continue the analysis of the previous article [6]. We now take the viral diffusion in a two-dimensional environment. The model consists of two ODEs for…