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Strategy Logic (SL) is a logical formalism for strategic reasoning in multi-agent systems. Its main feature is that it has variables for strategies that are associated to specific agents with a binding operator. We introduce Graded Strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Benjamin Aminof , Vadim Malvone , Aniello Murano , Sasha Rubin

In open systems verification, to formally check for reliability, one needs an appropriate formalism to model the interaction between agents and express the correctness of the system no matter how the environment behaves. An important…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-13 Fabio Mogavero , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Moshe Y. Vardi

We propose extending Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL) by an operator <i refines-to G> F to express that agent i can distribute its powers to a set of sub-agents G in a way which satisfies ATL condition f on the strategic ability of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Dimitar P. Guelev

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from passive engines of text generation into agentic entities that can plan, remember, invoke external tools, and co-operate with one another. This perspective paper investigates how such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Reza Yousefi Maragheh , Yashar Deldjoo

Propositional Dynamic Logic or PDL was invented as a logic for reasoning about regular programming constructs. We propose a new perspective on PDL as a multi-agent strategic logic (MASL). This logic for strategic reasoning has group…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-28 Jan van Eijck

Model checking strategic abilities was successfully developed and applied since the early 2000s to ensure properties in Multi-Agent System. In this paper, we introduce the notion of capacities giving different abilities to an agent. This…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Gabriel Ballot , Vadim Malvone , Jean Leneutre , Youssef Laarouchi

This paper studies knowledge representation in multi-agent environment. We investigate technique for computation truth-values of statements based at a new temporal, agent's-knowledge logic TL. A logical language, mathematical symbolic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-06-23 Maybin Muyeba , Vladimir Rybakov

We propose an extension of Strategy Logic (SL), in which one can both reason about strategizing under imperfect information and about players' knowledge. One original aspect of our approach is that we do not force strategies to be uniform,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Sophia Knight , Bastien Maubert

Quite some work in the ATL-tradition uses the differences between various types of strategies (positional, uniform, perfect recall) to give alternative semantics to the same logical language. This paper contributes to another perspective on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Hein Duijf , Jan Broersen

We develop an incremental tableau-based decision procedures for the Alternating-time temporal logic ATL and some of its variants. While running within the theoretically established complexity upper bound, we claim that our tableau is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-09-09 Valentin Goranko , Dmitry Shkatov

Strategy logic (SL) is a powerful temporal logic that enables first-class reasoning over strategic behavior in multi-agent systems (MAS). In many MASs, the agents (and their strategies) cannot observe the global state of the system, leading…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raven Beutner , Bernd Finkbeiner

Strategy Logic (SL, for short) has been recently introduced by Mogavero, Murano, and Vardi as a useful formalism for reasoning explicitly about strategies, as first-order objects, in multi-agent concurrent games. This logic turns to be very…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Fabio Mogavero , Aniello Murano , Giuseppe Perelli , Moshe Y. Vardi

We study dynamic changes of agents' observational power in logics of knowledge and time. We consider CTL*K, the extension of CTL* with knowledge operators, and enrich it with a new operator that models a change in an agent's way of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Aurèle Barrière , Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Sasha Rubin

In the following paper we present a new semantics for the well-known strategic logic ATL. It is based on adding roles to concurrent game structures, that is at every state, each agent belongs to exactly one role, and the role specifies what…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Sjur Dyrkolbotn , Piotr Kaźmierczak , Erik Parmann , Truls Pedersen

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language over continuous-time signals (such as trajectories of a multi-agent system) that allows for the specification of complex spatial and temporal system requirements (such as staying sufficiently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joris Verhagen , Lars Lindemann , Jana Tumova

Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL*) is a central logic for multiagent systems. Its extension to the imperfect information setting (ATL*i ) is well known to have an undecidable model-checking problem when agents have perfect recall.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Raphaël Berthon , Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Test-Time Learning (TTL) enables language agents to iteratively refine their performance through repeated interactions with the environment at inference time. At the core of TTL is an adaptation policy that updates the actor policy based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhanzhi Lou , Hui Chen , Yibo Li , Qian Wang , Bryan Hooi

Since the introduction of Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), many logics have been proposed to reason about different strategic capabilities of the agents of a system. In particular, some logics have been designed to reason about the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-08 Simon Busard , Charles Pecheur

The surge in popularity of large language models (LLMs) has opened doors for new approaches to the creation of interactive agents. However, managing and interpreting the temporal behavior of such agents over the course of a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Raven Rothkopf , Hannah Tongxin Zeng , Mark Santolucito