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Related papers: Quantum-Secure Authentication with a Classical Key

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We present a quantum multi-factor authentication mechanism based on the hidden-matching quantum communication complexity problem. It offers step-up graded authentication for users via a quantum token. In this paper, we outline the protocol,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Hazel Murray , David Malone

Quantum networks rely on both quantum and classical channels for coordinated operation. Current architectures employ entanglement distribution and key exchange over quantum channels but often assume that classical communication is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Xin Jin , Nitish Kumar Chandra , Mohadeseh Azari , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Junyu Liu

The advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) has revolutionized secure communication by providing unconditional security, unlike classical cryptographic methods. However, its effectiveness relies on robust identity authentication, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Arindam Dutta

A quantum seal is a way of encoding a classical message into quantum states, so that everybody can read the message error-free, but at the same time the sender and all intended readers who have some prior knowledge of the quantum seal, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci

Though it was proven that secure quantum sealing of a single classical bit is impossible in principle, here we propose an unconditionally secure quantum sealing protocol which seals a classical bit string. Any reader can obtain each bit of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang-Ping He

We discuss protocols for quantum position verification schemes based on the standard quantum cryptographic assumption that a tagging device can keep classical data secure [Kent, 2011]. Our schemes use a classical key replenished by quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-14 George Cowperthwaite , Adrian Kent , Damian Pitalua-Garcia

Quantum cryptography is known for enabling functionalities that are unattainable using classical information alone. Recently, Secure Software Leasing (SSL) has emerged as one of these areas of interest. Given a target circuit $C$ from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Anne Broadbent , Stacey Jeffery , Sébastien Lord , Supartha Podder , Aarthi Sundaram

Over decades quantum cryptography has been intensively studied for unconditionally secured data transmission in a quantum regime. Due to the quantum loopholes caused by imperfect single photon detectors and/or lossy quantum channels,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Byoung S. Ham

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware necessitates the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests fall short, as they either suffer from systematic errors or do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

The security of the previous quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, which is guaranteed by the nature of physics law, is based on the legitimate users. However, impersonation of the legitimate communicators by eavesdroppers, in practice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guihua Zeng , Xinmei Wang

In this work we introduce a novel QKD protocol capable of smoothly transitioning, via user-tuneable parameter, from classical to semi-quantum in order to help understand the effect of quantum communication resources on secure key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Allison Gagliano , Walter O. Krawec , Hasan Iqbal

Quantum computing had a profound impact on cryptography. Shor's discovery of an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring large integers implies that many existing classical systems based on computational assumptions can be broken, once a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-24 Stephanie Wehner

As cloud-based quantum computing expands, securing access to quantum hardware is increasingly critical. We present an authentication protocol that leverages intrinsic quantum device properties to construct Quantum Physical Unclonable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Behnam Tonekaboni , Pranav Gokhale , Kaitlin N. Smith

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises secure key agreement by using quantum mechanical systems. We argue that QKD will be an important part of future cryptographic infrastructures. It can provide long-term confidentiality for encrypted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-25 Douglas Stebila , Michele Mosca , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Optical physical unclonable keys are currently considered to be rather promising candidates for the development of entity authentication protocols, which offer security against both classical and quantum adversaries. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Lukas Fladung , Georgios M. Nikolopoulos , Gernot Alber , Marc Fischlin

Quantum information is well-known to achieve cryptographic feats that are unattainable using classical information alone. Here, we add to this repertoire by introducing a new cryptographic functionality called uncloneable encryption. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Anne Broadbent , Sébastien Lord

In this letter, we proposed a quantum authentication protocol. The authentication process is implemented by the symmetric cryptographic scheme with quantum effects.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guihua Zeng , Guangcan Guo

Encryption of data is fundamental to secure communication in the modern world. Beyond encryption of data lies obfuscation, i.e., encryption of functionality. It is well-known that the most powerful means of obfuscating classical programs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-05 Gorjan Alagic , Bill Fefferman

This paper modifies Kak's three-stage protocol so that it can guarantee secure transmission of information. Although avoiding man-in-the-middle attack is our primary objective in the introduction of classical authentication inside the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Partha Basuchowdhuri

This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, for authentication and authorization in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons to individual resources that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. R. Kuhn