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Likelihood-based methods of statistical inference provide a useful general methodology that is appealing, as a straightforward asymptotic theory can be applied for their implementation. It is important to assess the relationships between…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Thomas J. DiCiccio , Todd A. Kuffner , G. Alastair Young , Russell Zaretzki

Sampling is a popular method for approximate inference when exact inference is impractical. Generally, sampling algorithms do not exploit context-specific independence (CSI) properties of probability distributions. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Nitesh Kumar , Ondřej Kuželka

This paper extends classical probabilistic results to the broader class of demimartingales and demisubmartingales. We establish variants of Doob's-type optional sampling theorem under minimal structural conditions on stopping times, relying…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Milto Hadjikyriakou , B. L. S Prakasa Rao

Birnbaum's theorem, that the sufficiency and conditionality principles entail the likelihood principle, has engendered a great deal of controversy and discussion since the publication of the result in 1962. In particular, many have raised…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Michael Evans

This paper studies a distributionally robust chance constrained program (DRCCP) with Wasserstein ambiguity set, where the uncertain constraints should be satisfied with a probability at least a given threshold for all the probability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-17 Weijun Xie

Data analysis in HEP experiments often uses binned likelihood from data and finite Monte Carlo sample. Statistical uncertainty of Monte Carlo sample has been introduced in Frequentist Inference in some literatures, but they are not suitable…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-09-28 Shilin Liu , Clark McGrew

This article was written for the Logic in Computer Science column in the February 2015 issue of the Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science. The intended audience is general computer science audience. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-04 Andreas Blass , Yuri Gurevich

In this paper, we consider the problem of making distributionally robust, skeptical inferences for the multi-label problem, or more generally for Boolean vectors. By distributionally robust, we mean that we consider a set of possible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-03 Yonatan Carlos Carranza Alarcón , Sébastien Destercke

Unitary quantum theory, having no Born Rule, is non-probabilistic. Hence the notorious problem of reconciling it with the unpredictability and appearance of stochasticity in quantum measurements. Generalising and improving upon the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Chiara Marletto

Empirical likelihood is a popular nonparametric statistical tool that does not require any distributional assumptions. In this paper, we explore the possibility of conducting variable selection via Bayesian empirical likelihood. We show…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Yichen Cheng , Yichuan Zhao

Given a universe of discourse X-a domain of possible outcomes-an experiment may consist of selecting one of its elements, subject to the operation of chance, or of observing the elements, subject to imprecision. A priori uncertainty about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Arthur Ramer

With the rise of increasingly powerful and user-facing NLP systems, there is growing interest in assessing whether they have a good representation of uncertainty by evaluating the quality of their predictive distribution over outcomes. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Joris Baan , Raquel Fernández , Barbara Plank , Wilker Aziz

A composite likelihood is an inference function derived by multiplying a set of likelihood components. This approach provides a flexible framework for drawing inference when the likelihood function of a statistical model is computationally…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-10 Giuseppe Alfonzetti , Ruggero Bellio , Yunxiao Chen , Irini Moustaki

Probabilities of causation play a crucial role in modern decision-making. Pearl defined three binary probabilities of causation, the probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS), the probability of sufficiency (PS), and the probability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ang Li , Judea Pearl

The conditionality principle $C$ plays a key role in attempts to characterize the concept of statistical evidence. The standard version of $C$ considers a model and a derived conditional model, formed by conditioning on an ancillary…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Michael Evans , Constantine Frangakis

An examination is made of the differing implications from applying the two mainstream interpretations of probability, frequentist and Bayesian, to QM (quantum mechanics) theory for the Bohm-EPR experiment. The joint probability distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-09 James L. Beck

A strong invariance principle is established for random fields which satisfy dependence conditions more general than positive or negative association. We use the approach of Cs\"{o}rg\H{o} and R\'{e}v\'{e}sz applied recently by Balan to…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexander Bulinski , Alexey Shashkin

The Central Limit Theorem provides a foundation for inferential statistics and hypothesis testing. It describes how standardized statistics behave under repeated sampling from large populations. However, if the size of the sample (n)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Mike Crowhurst

Conformal prediction provides distribution-free prediction intervals with finite-sample coverage guarantees, and recent work by Snell \& Griffiths reframes it as Bayesian Quadrature (BQ-CP), yielding powerful data-conditional guarantees via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xiayin Lou , Peng Luo

We consider a special class of weak dependent random variables with control on covariances of Lipschitz transformations. This class includes, but is not limited to, positively, negatively associated variables and a few other classes of…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Idir Arab , Paulo Eduardo Oliveira