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Related papers: Naturally Rehearsing Passwords

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This paper describes a testing methodology for quantitatively assessing the risk that rare or unique training-data sequences are unintentionally memorized by generative sequence models---a common type of machine-learning model. Because such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Nicholas Carlini , Chang Liu , Úlfar Erlingsson , Jernej Kos , Dawn Song

Password guessers are instrumental for assessing the strength of passwords. Despite their diversity and abundance, little is known about how different guessers compare to each other. We perform in-depth analyses and comparisons of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zach Parish , Connor Cushing , Shourya Aggarwal , Amirali Salehi-Abari , Julie Thorpe

Cumulative memory -- the sum of space used per step over the duration of a computation -- is a fine-grained measure of time-space complexity that was introduced to analyze cryptographic applications like password hashing. It is a more…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Paul Beame , Niels Kornerup

Passwords remain a widely-used authentication mechanism, despite their well-known security and usability limitations. To improve on this situation, next-generation authentication mechanisms, based on behavioral biometric factors such as eye…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Matin Fallahi , Patricia Arias Cabarcos , Thorsten Strufe

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of password selection among users. We investigate whether users follow best practices when selecting passwords and identify areas in need of improvement. Four distinct publicly-available…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Theodosis Mourouzis , Kyriacos E. Pavlou , Stylianos Kampakis

We present a probabilistic model of an intrusion in a renewal process. Given a process and a sequence of events, an intrusion is a subsequence of events that is not produced by the process. Applications of the model are, for example, online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-29 David Tolpin

Web password recovery, enabling a user who forgets their password to re-establish a shared secret with a website, is very widely implemented. However, use of such a fall-back system brings with it additional vulnerabilities to user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Fatma Al Maqbali , Chris J Mitchell

In this work we analyse five popular commercial password managers for security vulnerabilities. Our analysis is twofold. First, we compile a list of previously disclosed vulnerabilities through a comprehensive review of the academic and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Michael Carr , Siamak F. Shahandashti

Chinese input recommendation plays an important role in alleviating human cost in typing Chinese words, especially in the scenario of mobile applications. The fundamental problem is to predict the conditional probability of the next word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Hainan Zhang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Xueqi Cheng

Rehearsal is one of the key techniques for mitigating catastrophic forgetting and has been widely adopted in continual learning algorithms due to its simplicity and practicality. However, the theoretical understanding of how rehearsal scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 JinLi He , Liang Bai , Xian Yang

Efficient password cracking is a critical aspect of digital forensics, enabling investigators to decrypt protected content during criminal investigations. Traditional password cracking methods, including brute-force, dictionary and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Mohamad Hachem , Adam Lanfranchi , Nathan Clarke , Joakim Kavrestad

Honeywords are decoy passwords that can be added to a credential database; if a login attempt uses a honeyword, this indicates that the site's credential database has been leaked. In this paper we explore the basic requirements for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Zonghao Huang , Lujo Bauer , Michael K. Reiter

Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-24 Hans-Joachim Hof

Password-based authentication faces various security and usability issues. Password managers help alleviate some of these issues by enabling users to manage their passwords effectively. However, malicious client-side scripts and browser…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Anuj Gautam , Tarun Kumar Yadav , Kent Seamons , Scott Ruoti

We draw on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to design nudges that encourage users to change breached passwords. Our online experiment ($n$=$1,386$) compared the effectiveness of a threat appeal (highlighting negative consequences of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yixin Zou , Khue Le , Peter Mayer , Alessandro Acquisti , Adam J. Aviv , Florian Schaub

Strong passwords are fundamental to the security of password-based user authentication systems. In recent years, much effort has been made to evaluate password strength or to generate strong passwords. Unfortunately, the usability or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yao Cheng , Chang Xu , Zhen Hai , Yingjiu Li

Trustworthy artificial intelligence increasingly relies on probabilistic computation to achieve robustness, interpretability, security and privacy. In practical systems, such workloads interleave deterministic data access with repeated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xueji Zhao , Likai Pei , Jianbo Liu , Kai Ni , Ningyuan Cao

Password updates are a critical account security measure and an essential part of the password lifecycle. Service providers and common security recommendations advise users to update their passwords in response to incidents or as a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alexander Krause , Jacques Suray , Lea Schmüser , Marten Oltrogge , Oliver Wiese , Maximilian Golla , Sascha Fahl

Today, offline attacks are one of the most severe threats to password security. These attacks have claimed millions of passwords from prominent websites including Yahoo, LinkedIn, Twitter, Sony, Adobe and many more. Therefore, as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Harshal Tupsamudre , Sachin Lodha

Before deploying a new user authentication scheme, it is critical to subject the scheme to comprehensive study. Few works, however, have undertaken such a study. Recently, Thorpe et al. proposed GeoPass, the most promising of a class of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-08-14 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , Matthew Wright