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Large language model agents heavily rely on external memory to support knowledge reuse and complex reasoning tasks. Yet most memory systems store experiences in a single global retrieval pool which can gradually dilute or corrupt stored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Taeyun Roh , Wonjune Jang , Junha Jung , Jaewoo Kang

Approximate computing (AC) leverages the inherent error resilience and is used in many big-data applications from various domains such as multimedia, computer vision, signal processing, and machine learning to improve systems performance…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Farah Ferdaus , B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Md Tauhidur Rahman

This paper presents a low cost PMOS-based 8T (P-8T) SRAM Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architecture that efficiently per-forms the multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations between 4-bit input activations and 8-bit weights. First, bit-line (BL)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Joonhyung Kim , Kyeongho Lee , Jongsun Park

Computing-In-Memory (CIM) offers a potential solution to the memory wall issue and can achieve high energy efficiency by minimizing data movement, making it a promising architecture for edge AI devices. Lightweight models like MobileNet and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Choongseok Song , Doo Seok Jeong

Memristive crossbars have become a popular means for realizing unsupervised and supervised learning techniques. In previous neuromorphic architectures with leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, the crossbar itself has been separated from the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Walt Woods , Christof Teuscher

In this short article, we report on the implementation of a Content Addressable Parallel Processor using a FPGA. While Content addressable memories have been implemented in FPGAs, to our knowledge this is the first implementation in FPGA of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Ayush Salik , Manor Askenazi , Edward Rietman

In this paper, we jointly consider communication, caching and computation in a multi-user cache-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system, consisting of one base station (BS) of caching and computing capabilities and multiple users with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Ying Cui , Wen He , Chun Ni , Chengjun Guo , Zhi Liu

Modern edge AI workloads demand maximum energy efficiency, motivating the pursuit of analog Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures. Simultaneously, the popularity of Large-Language-Models (LLMs) drives the adoption of low-bit floating-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Brian Rojkov , Shubham Ranjan , Derek Wright , Manoj Sachdev

Search space design is very critical to neural architecture search (NAS) algorithms. We propose a fine-grained search space comprised of atomic blocks, a minimal search unit that is much smaller than the ones used in recent NAS algorithms.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jieru Mei , Yingwei Li , Xiaochen Lian , Xiaojie Jin , Linjie Yang , Alan Yuille , Jianchao Yang

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as 'memory wall' issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Yifei Zhou , Xuchu Huang , Jianyi Yang , Kai Ni , Hussam Amrouch , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

The problem of keyword spotting i.e. identifying keywords in a real-time audio stream is mainly solved by applying a neural network over successive sliding windows. Due to the difficulty of the task, baseline models are usually large,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Tom Véniat , Olivier Schwander , Ludovic Denoyer

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and other current transistor-based memories approach their scalability limits, the search for alternative storage methods becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Conventional cache models are not suited for real-time parallel processing because tasks may flush each other's data out of the cache in an unpredictable manner. In this way the system is not compositional so the overall performance is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 A. M. Molnos , M. J. M. Heijligers , S. D. Cotofana , J. T. J. Van Eijndhoven

Non-volatile magnetic storage, from 1940s magnetic core to present day racetrack memory and magnetic anisotropy switching devices rely on the metastability of magnetic domains to store information. However, the inherent inefficiency of…

Tree-based machine learning techniques, such as Decision Trees and Random Forests, are top performers in several domains as they do well with limited training datasets and offer improved interpretability compared to Deep Neural Networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Giacomo Pedretti , Catherine E. Graves , Can Li , Sergey Serebryakov , Xia Sheng , Martin Foltin , Ruibin Mao , John Paul Strachan

The demand for high-density data storage with ultrafast accessibility motivates the search for new memory implementations. Ideally such storage devices should be robust to input error and to unreliability of individual elements; furthermore…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Chandra , L. B. Ioffe

In this manuscript, we propose an alternating optimization framework to maximize the energy efficiency of a backscatter-enabled cooperative Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system by optimizing the transmit power of the source, power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Muhammad Asif , Asim Ihsan , Wali Ullah Khan , Ali Ranjha , Shengli Zhang , Sissi Xiaoxiao Wu

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are confronted with overwhelming information volume when comprehending long-form documents. This challenge raises the imperative of a cohesive memory module, which can elevate vanilla LLMs into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Rui Li , Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer promising solutions for efficiently handling AI applications in energy-constrained edge environments. While traditional PIM designs enhance performance and energy efficiency by reducing data…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sangmin Jeon , Kangju Lee , Kyeongwon Lee , Woojoo Lee

We formulate and solve the energy minimization problem for a clustered device-to-device (D2D) network with cache-enabled mobile devices. Devices are distributed according to a Poisson cluster process (PCP) and are assumed to have a surplus…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Ramy Amer , M. Majid Butt , Hesham ElSawy , Mehdi Bennis , Jacek Kibiłda , Nicola Marchetti