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In contrast to classical physics, quantum mechanics divides particles into two classes-bosons and fermions-whose exchange statistics dictate the dynamics of systems at a fundamental level. In two dimensions quasi-particles known as 'anyons'…

Some new representations of the supersymmetric transformations are derived, and the supermultiplets are introduced. Based on these representations, various formulations (equations, commutation relations, propagators, Jacobi identities,…

General Physics · Physics 2008-04-03 Yi-Fang Chang

We examine a recent argument that ``identical'' quantum particles with an anti-symmetric state (fermions) are weakly discernible objects, just like irreflexively related ordinary objects in situations with perfect symmetry (Black's spheres,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dennis Dieks , Marijn Versteegh

We show how, using multipartite entanglement, the symmetries among bosons and fermions of the Standard Model of particle physics emerge. Fermions belong to tripartite maximally entangled classes starting with basic chiral right and left…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-11-14 P. J. Mulders

I consider two identical quantum particles in two boxes. We can split each box, and thereby the wavefunction of each particle, into two parts. When two half boxes are interchanged and combined with the other halves, where do the two…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-11-13 S. J. van Enk

Quantum interference between identical single particles reveals the intrinsic quantum statistic nature of particles, which could not be interpreted through classical physics. Here, we demonstrate quantum interference between non-identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Keyu Su , Yi Zhong , Shanchao Zhang , Jianfeng Li , Chang-Ling Zou , Yunfei Wang , Hui Yan , Shi-Liang Zhu

We propose an experimental scheme to probe the quantum statistics of two identical particles. The transition between the quantum and classical statistics of two identical particles is described by the particles having identical multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Won-Young Hwang , Kicheon Kang

The experimental study of the second-order interference with fermions is much less than the one with bosons since it is much more difficult to do experiments with fermions than with photons. Based on the conclusion that the behavior of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-25 Jianbin Liu , Hui Chen , Yu Zhou , Huaibin Zheng , Fu-li Li , Zhuo Xu

This dissertation reports our investigation into the existence of anyons, which interpolate between bosons and fermions, in light of the Symmetrization Postulate, which states that only the two extremes exist. The Symmetrization Postulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Klil H. Neori

We study the Heisenberg quantization for the systems of identical particles in noncommtative spaces. We get fermions and bosons as a special cases of our argument, in the same way as commutative case and therefore we conclude that the Pauli…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 S. A. Alavi

A new class of identical particles which may exhibit both Bose and Fermi statistics with respective probabilities $p_b$ and $p_f$ is introduced. Such an uncertainity may be either an intrinsic property of a particle or can be viewed as an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-17 M. V. Medvedev

The appearance of tracks, close to classical orbits, left by charged quantum particles propagating inside a detector, such as a cavity periodically illuminated by light pulses, is studied for a family of idealized models. In the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Tristan Benoist , Martin Fraas , Jürg Fröhlich

The class of relativistic spin particle models reveals the `quantization' of parameters already at the classical level. The special parameter values emerge if one requires the maximality of classical global continuous symmetries. The same…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Mikhail Plyushchay

The suggestion that particles of the same kind may be indistinguishable in a fundamental sense, even so that challenges to traditional notions of individuality and identity may arise, has first come up in the context of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Dennis Dieks

The existence of indistinguishable quantum particles provides an explanation for various physical phenomena we observe in nature. We lay out a path for the study of indistinguishable particles in general probabilistic theories (GPTs) via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 John H. Selby , Victoria J. Wright , Máté Farkas , Marcin Karczewski , Ana Belén Sainz

Bosons and fermions are defined by their exchange properties and the underlying symmetries determine the structure of the corresponding state spaces. For two particles there are two possible exchange symmetries, resulting in symmetric or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 Sophia Denker , Satoya Imai , Otfried Gühne

Thermodynamically, bosons and fermions differ by their statistics only. A general entropy functional is proposed by superposition of entropic terms, typical for different quantum gases. The statistical properties of the corresponding Janus…

General Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 R. Tsekov

It is commonly believed that there are only two types of particle exchange statistics in quantum mechanics, fermions and bosons, with the exception of anyons in two dimension. In principle, a second exception known as parastatistics, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Zhiyuan Wang , Kaden R. A. Hazzard

We present three statistical descriptions for systems of classical particles and consider their extension to hybrid quantum-classical systems. The classical descriptions are ensembles on configuration space, ensembles on phase space, and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Andrés Darío Bermúdez Manjarres , Marcel Reginatto , Sebastian Ulbricht

Identical particles exhibit correlations even in the absence of inter-particle interaction, due to the exchange (anti)symmetry of the many-particle wavefunction. Two fermions obey the Pauli principle and anti-bunch, whereas two bosons favor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-13 Malte C. Tichy , Markus Tiersch , Florian Mintert , Andreas Buchleitner