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Automatic discovery and curve fitting of absorption bands in hyperspectral data can enable the analyst to identify materials present in a scene by comparison with library spectra. This procedure is common in laboratory spectra, but is…
This article constructs flat-sky approximations in a controlled way in the context of the cosmic microwave background observations for the computation of both spectra and bispectra. For angular spectra, it is explicitly shown that there…
Microscopes and various forms of interferometers have been used for decades in optical metrology of objects that are typically larger than the wavelength of light {\lambda}. However, metrology of subwavelength objects was deemed impossible…
A cosmic ray observatory with full-sky coverage can exploit standard anisotropy analysis methods that do not work if part of the celestial sphere is never seen. In particular, the distribution of arrival directions can be fully…
Scattering and absorption of X-rays by interstellar dust is calculated for a model consisting of carbonaceous grains and amorphous silicate grains. The calculations employ realistic dielectric functions with structure near X-ray absorption…
Radio interferometric data are used to estimate the sky brightness distributions in radio frequencies. Here we focus on estimators of the large-scale structure and the power spectrum of the sky brightness distribution inferred from radio…
The gravitational wave detectors currently in operation perform the analysis of their scientific data jointly. Concerning the search for bursting sources, coherent data analysis methods have been shown to be more efficient. In the coherent…
The diffuse, unresolved sky provides most of the photons that the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) receives, yet remains poorly understood. HST Archival Legacy program SKYSURF aims to measure the 0.2-1.6 $\mu$m sky surface brightness (sky-SB)…
We describe techniques for photometric calibration of optical spectra obtained with the MMT's fiber-fed spectrograph, Hectospec. The atmospheric dispersion compensation prisms built into the MMT's f/5 wide field corrector effectively…
The contrasts of features in the quiet Sun are studied using filtergrams recorded by the Broad-band Filter Imager on the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope. In a first step, the scattered light originating in the instrument is modeled using…
Recently, mid-infrared Spitzer observations have been presented that show the light decrement due to the passage of a planet behind its host star. These measurements of HD209458b and TrES-1 are the first detections of direct light from an…
Spectroscopic observations are a crucial step in driving major discoveries in the era of time-domain surveys. However, the pace of current spectroscopic surveys is increasingly unable to meet the demands of rapidly advancing large-scale…
We introduce and analyze the concept of space-spectrum uncertainty for certain commonly-used designs for spectrally programmable cameras. Our key finding states that, it is impossible to simultaneously capture high-resolution spatial images…
We present a comparison between the published optical, IR and CO spectroscopic redshifts of 86 (sub-)mm galaxies and their photometric redshifts as derived from long-wavelength radio-mm-FIR photometric data. The redshift accuracy measured…
We describe a process for cross-calibrating the effective areas of X-ray telescopes that observe common targets. The targets are not assumed to be "standard candles" in the classic sense, in that we assume that the source fluxes have…
By exploiting the quantised nature of light, we demonstrate a sub-shot-noise scanning optical transmittance microscope. Our microscope demonstrates, with micron scale resolution, a factor of improvement in precision of 1.76(9) in…
In this paper we present the first on-sky results with the fibered aperture masking instrument FIRST. Its principle relies on the combination of spatial filtering and aperture masking using single-mode fibers, a novel technique that is…
A method of obtaining approximate redshifts and spectral types of galaxies using a photometric system of six broad-bandpass filters is developed. The technique utilizes a smallest maximum difference approach rather than a least-squares…
The spectral resolution of a dispersive astronomical spectrograph is limited by the trade-off between throughput and the width of the entrance slit. Photonic guided-wave transitions have been proposed as a route to bypass this trade-off, by…
We describe techniques concerning wavelength calibration and sky subtraction to maximise the scientific utility of data from tunable filter instruments. While we specifically address data from the Optical System for Imaging and low…