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We present a quantum CISC compiler and show how to assemble complex instruction sets in a scalable way. Enlarging the toolbox of universal gates by optimised complex multi-qubit instruction sets thus paves the way to fight decoherence for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-22 T. Schulte-Herbrueggen , A. Spoerl , S. J. Glaser

The design and architecture of a quantum instruction set are paramount to the performance of a quantum computer. This work introduces a gate scheme for qubits with $XX+YY$ coupling that directly and efficiently realizes any two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Jianxin Chen , Dawei Ding , Weiyuan Gong , Cupjin Huang , Qi Ye

We propose a new family of error detecting stabilizer codes with an encoding rate 1/3 that permit a transversal implementation of the pi/8-rotation $T$ on all logical qubits. The new codes are used to construct protocols for distilling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-30 Sergey Bravyi , Jeongwan Haah

We introduce an enhanced technique for strong classical simulation of quantum circuits which combines the `sum-of-stabilisers' method with an automated simplification strategy based on the ZX-calculus. Recently it was shown that quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the crucial building blocks for developing quantum computers that have significant potential for reaching a quantum advantage in applications. Prominent candidates for QEC are stabilizer codes for…

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

The performance of current quantum hardware is severely limited. While expanding the quantum ISA with high-fidelity, expressive basis gates is a key path forward, it imposes significant gate calibration overhead and complicates compiler…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Yang , Dawei Ding , Qi Ye , Cupjin Huang , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

Quantum error correction is a cornerstone of reliable quantum computing, with surface codes emerging as a prominent method for protecting quantum information. Surface codes are efficient for Clifford gates but require magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

Fault-tolerant quantum computing based on surface code has emerged as an attractive candidate for practical large-scale quantum computers to achieve robust noise resistance. To achieve universality, magic states preparation is a commonly…

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Gary J. Mooney , Charles D. Hill , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Quantum computers with tens to hundreds of noisy qubits are being developed today. To be useful for real-world applications, we believe that these near-term systems cannot simply be scaled-down non-error-corrected versions of future…

Near-term quantum computing (QC) systems have limited qubit counts, high gate (instruction) error rates, and typically support a minimal instruction set having one type of two-qubit gate (2Q). To reduce program instruction counts and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Prakash Murali , Lingling Lao , Margaret Martonosi , Dan Browne

Standard error correction techniques only provide a quantum memory and need extra gadgets to perform computation. Central to quantum algorithms are small angle rotations, which can be fault-tolerantly implemented given a supply of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-20 Earl T. Campbell , Joe O'Gorman

Universal quantum computation requires the implementation of a logical non-Clifford gate. In this paper, we characterize all stabilizer codes whose code subspaces are preserved under physical $T$ and $T^{-1}$ gates. For example, this could…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Michael Newman , Henry D. Pfister

Magic state distillation is a resource intensive subroutine that consumes noisy input states to produce high-fidelity resource states that are used to perform logical operations in practical quantum-computing architectures. The resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Shraddha Singh , Andrew S. Darmawan , Benjamin J. Brown , Shruti Puri

Practical quantum computation requires high-fidelity instruction executions on qubits. Among them, Clifford instructions are relatively easy to perform, while non-Clifford instructions require the use of magic states. This makes magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Junshi Wang , Prakash Murali

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin

With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

One of the key challenges in quantum information is coherently manipulating the quantum state. However, it is an outstanding question whether control can be realized with low error. Only gates from the Clifford group -- containing $\pi$,…

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