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The precision of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, specifically its lensing reconstruction, has reached the limit where non-linear corrections cannot be ignored. Neglecting these corrections results in biased constraints on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-27 Cynthia Trendafilova , Ali Rida Khalife , Silvia Galli

Current data exclude cosmic strings as the primary source of primordial density fluctuations. However, in a wide class of inflationary models, strings can form at later stages of inflation and have potentially detectable observational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Levon Pogosian , Mark Wyman , Ira Wasserman

Cosmic microwave background polarization encodes information not only on the early universe but also dark energy, neutrino mass, and gravity in the late universe through CMB lensing. Ground based surveys such as ACTpol, PolarBear, SPTpol…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-02 Sudeep Das , Eric V. Linder

These notes aim at presenting an overview of Bayesian statistics, the underlying concepts and application methodology that will be useful to astronomers seeking to analyse and interpret a wide variety of data about the Universe. The level…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-09 Roberto Trotta

In contrast to previous analyses, we demonstrate a Bayesian approach to the estimation of the CKM phase $\alpha$ that is invariant to parameterization. We also show that in addition to {\em computing} the marginal posterior in a Bayesian…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-03-31 Robin D. Morris , Johann Cohen-Tanugi

A crucial aspect of mass-mapping, via weak lensing, is quantification of the uncertainty introduced during the reconstruction process. Properly accounting for these errors has been largely ignored to date. We present a new method to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-16 Matthew A. Price , Jason D. McEwen , Xiaohao Cai , Thomas D. Kitching , Christopher G. R. Wallis

In Artificial Intelligence, interpreting the results of a Machine Learning technique often termed as a black box is a difficult task. A counterfactual explanation of a particular "black box" attempts to find the smallest change to the input…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-23 Dan Wang , Zhi Chen , Ionut Florescu

The original formulation of BEAMS - Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species - showed how to use a dataset contaminated by points of multiple underlying types to perform unbiased parameter estimation. An example is cosmological…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-02 James Newling , Bruce. A. Bassett , Renée Hlozek , Martin Kunz , Mathew Smith , Melvin Varughese

Bayesian neural networks and deep ensembles represent two modern paradigms of uncertainty quantification in deep learning. Yet these approaches struggle to scale mainly due to memory inefficiency issues, since they require parameter storage…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-24 Hippolyt Ritter , Martin Kukla , Cheng Zhang , Yingzhen Li

Structured sparsity has recently emerged in statistics, machine learning and signal processing as a promising paradigm for learning in high-dimensional settings. All existing methods for learning under the assumption of structured sparsity…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-16 Nino Shervashidze , Francis Bach

Bayesian component separation techniques have played a central role in the data reduction process of Planck. The most important strength of this approach is its global nature, in which a parametric and physical model is fitted to the data.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-01 Ingunn Kathrine Wehus , Hans Kristian Eriksen

We develop a new Bayesian method for estimating white noise levels in CMB sky maps, and apply this algorithm to the 5-year WMAP data. We assume that the amplitude of the noise RMS is scaled by a constant value, alpha, relative to a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-24 N. E. Groeneboom , H. K. Eriksen , K. Gorski , G. Huey , J. Jewell , B. Wandelt

Weak gravitational lensing provides a sensitive probe of cosmology by measuring the mass distribution and the geometry of the low redshift universe. We show how an all-sky weak lensing tomographic survey can jointly constrain different sets…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-31 Ivan Debono , Anais Rassat , Alexandre Refregier , Adam Amara , Thomas D. Kitching

In this paper we outline the framework of mathematical statistics with which one may study the properties of galaxy distance estimators. We describe, within this framework, how one may formulate the problem of distance estimation as a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 M. A. Hendry , J. F. L. Simmons

The observed acceleration of the universe, explained through dark energy, could alternatively be explained through a modification of gravity that would also induce modifications in the evolution of cosmological perturbations. We use new…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-16 Ismael Tereno , Elisabetta Semboloni , Tim Schrabback

We propose a method for cosmographic measurements by combining gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with cosmic shear surveys. We cross-correlate the galaxy counts in the lens plane with two different source…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-26 Sudeep Das , David N. Spergel

We present a new estimation method for mapping the gravitational lensing potential from observed CMB intensity and polarization fields. Our method uses Bayesian techniques to estimate the average curvature of the potential over small local…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-23 Ethan Anderes , Lloyd Knox , Alexander van Engelen

Regression is fundamental in computer vision and is widely used in various tasks including age estimation, depth estimation, target localization, \etc However, real-world data often exhibits imbalanced distribution, making regression models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahao Liu , Qin Wang , Lixin Duan , Wen Li

Parsimony in signal representation is a topic of active research. Sparse signal processing and representation is the outcome of this line of research which has many applications in information processing and has shown significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Hojjat Seyed Mousavi

Advances in sensing technology have made it possible to collect large volumes of high-dimensional time-series data. In fields like genetics and neuroscience, key questions concern whether directed relationships between variables can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Sarah E. Heaps , Ian H. Jermyn , Yujiang Wang , Darren J. Wilkinson