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The association of information with entropy has been argued on plausibility arguments involving the operation of imaginary engines and beings, and it is not a universal theorem. In this paper, a theorem by Charles Bennett on reversible…
The law of action-reaction is thoroughly used in textbooks to derive the conservation laws of linear and angular momentum, and it was considered by Ernst Mach the the cornerstone of physics. We give here a background survey of several…
After having identified all the possible relationships between the electric field and the magnetic field in a given inertial reference frame we derive the transformation equations for the components of these fields. Special relativity is…
A problem of mass in macro- and microcosm has been considered from the single point of view on the basis of the law of conservation of energy. It is shown that in the conservative (absolutely closed) system all types of motion and…
This work gives a brief summary of major formulations of the third law of thermodynamics and their implications, including the impossibility of perpetual motion of the third kind. The last sections of this work review more advanced…
From a rigorous historic analysis of 1686 I. Newton and 1905 A. Einstein works where the last derived the universal mass-energy relationship, it is concluded that rest mass measures potential energy. From the same formula used to obtain…
We consider the problem of controlling a vehicle to arrive at a fixed destination while minimizing a combination of energy consumption and travel time. Our model includes vehicle speed and accelaration limits, aerodynamic drag, rolling…
A proof of the relativistic $H$-theorem by including nonextensive effects is given. As it happens in the nonrelativistic limit, the molecular chaos hypothesis advanced by Boltzmann does not remain valid, and the second law of thermodynamics…
The relativistic Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for the system of $N$ events with motion in space-time parametrized by an invariant ``historical time'' $\tau $ is considered without the simplifying approximation $m^2\cong M^2$, where $M$ is…
We study a recently derived fully relativistic kinetic model for spin-1/2 particles. Firstly, the full set of conservation laws for energy, momentum and angular momentum are given, together with an expression for the (non-symmetric)…
Recently, interest has increased in the entanglement of remote quantum particles through the Newtonian gravitational interaction, both from a fundamental perspective and as a test case for the quantization of gravity. Likewise,…
We derive general trade-off relations among the power, efficiency, and constancy for two-terminal thermoelectric systems in the linear response regime. Constancy, which quantifies the steadiness of the heat engine, is measured by its…
Recently Mansuripur has called into question the validity of the Lorentz force in connection with relativistic electromagnetic theory. Here we present some very simple point-charge systems treated through order v^{2}/c^{2} in order to…
The acceleration of relativistic jets from the Poynting to the matter dominated stage is considered. The are generally two collimation regimes, which we call equilibrium and non-equilibrium, correspondingly. In the first regime, the jet is…
We analyze the effects of thermal conduction in a relativistic fluid just after its departure from spherical symmetry, on a time scale of the order of relaxation time. Using first order perturbation theory, it is shown that, as in spherical…
In this paper of "The Epistemology of Contemporary Physics" series we investigate Newton's third law and discuss and analyze its epistemological significance from some aspects with special attention to its relation to the principle of…
Engines are open systems that can generate work cyclically, at the expense of an external disequilibrium. They are ubiquitous in nature and technology, but the course of mathematical physics over the last 300 years has tended to make their…
A quantum-mechanical analog of the Carnot engine reversibly working at vanishing temperature, shortly termed the quantum-mechanical Carnot engine, is discussed. A general formula for the efficiency of such an engine with an arbitrary…
An equation of motion of the mass point with internal degrees of freedom in scalar potential $U$ depending on relative coordinates and time, velocity and accelerations is obtained both for non-relativistic and relativistic case. In…
The idea that the dynamical properties of quantum systems are invariably relative to other systems has recently regained currency. Using Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) for a case study, this paper calls attention to a question that has…