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Weighted programs generalize probabilistic programs and offer a framework for specifying and encoding mathematical models by means of an algorithmic representation. Kleene algebra with tests is an algebraic formalism based on regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Igor Sedlár

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a foundational equational framework for reasoning about programs, which has found applications in program transformations, networking and compiler optimizations, among many other areas. In his seminal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an equational system for program verification, which is the combination of Boolean algebra (BA) and Kleene algebra (KA), the algebra of regular expressions. In particular, KAT subsumes the propositional…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Ricardo Almeida , Sabine Broda , Nelma Moreira

Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-16 James Worthington

We present a reflexive tactic for deciding the equational theory of Kleene algebras in the Coq proof assistant. This tactic relies on a careful implementation of efficient finite automata algorithms, so that it solves casual equations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Thomas Braibant , Damien Pous

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) was introduced as an algebraic structure to model and reason about classic imperative programs, i.e. sequences of discrete transitions guarded by Boolean tests. This paper introduces two generalisations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Leandro Gomes , Alexandre Madeira , Luís Soares Barbosa

Kleene algebra with tests is an extension of Kleene algebra, the algebra of regular expressions, which can be used to reason about programs. We develop a coalgebraic theory of Kleene algebra with tests, along the lines of the coalgebraic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hubie Chen , Riccardo Pucella

Kozen and Tiuryn have introduced the substructural logic $\mathsf{S}$ for reasoning about correctness of while programs (ACM TOCL, 2003). The logic $\mathsf{S}$ distinguishes between tests and partial correctness assertions, representing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Igor Sedlár , Johann J. Wannenburg

We investigate the algebraic reasoning of quantum programs inspired by the success of classical program analysis based on Kleene algebra. One prominent example of such is the famous Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT), which has furnished both…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yuxiang Peng , Mingsheng Ying , Xiaodi Wu

We aim at a holistic perspective on program logics, including Hoare and incorrectness logics. To this end, we study different classes of properties arising from the generalization of the aforementioned logics. We compare our results with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Lena Verscht , Benjamin Kaminski

We study Kleene iteration in the categorical context. A celebrated completeness result by Kozen introduced Kleene algebra (with tests) as a ubiquitous tool for lightweight reasoning about program equivalence, and yet, numerous variants of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Sergey Goncharov , Tarmo Uustalu

In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Damien Pous , Jurriaan Rot , Jana Wagemaker

We introduce partially observable concurrent Kleene algebra (POCKA), an algebraic framework to reason about concurrent programs with control structures, such as conditionals and loops. POCKA enables reasoning about programs that can access…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jana Wagemaker , Paul Brunet , Simon Docherty , Tobias Kappé , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva

Relational verification encompasses information flow security, regression verification, translation validation for compilers, and more. Effective alignment of the programs and computations to be related facilitates use of simpler relational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Timos Antonopoulos , Eric Koskinen , Ton Chanh Le , Ramana Nagasamudram , David A. Naumann , Minh Ngo

Kleene algebra (KA) is an important tool for reasoning about general program equivalences, with a decidable and complete equational theory. However, KA cannot always prove equivalences between specific programs. For this purpose, one adds…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Liam Chung , Tobias Kappé

While loops are present in virtually all imperative programming languages. They are important both for practical reasons (performing a number of iterations not known in advance) and theoretical reasons (achieving Turing completeness). In…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-09-26 David Nowak , Vlad Rusu

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an algebraic framework for reasoning about the control flow of sequential programs. Generalising KAT to reason about concurrent programs is not straightforward, because axioms native to KAT in conjunction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker , Fabio Zanasi

We present simple new Hoare logics and refinement calculi for hybrid systems in the style of differential dynamic logic. (Refinement) Kleene algebra with tests is used for reasoning about the program structure and generating verification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Simon Foster , Jonathan Julián Huerta y Munive , Georg Struth

In the literature on Kleene algebra (KA), a number of variants have been proposed such as Kleene algebra with tests, commutative KA, bi-KA, and concurrent KA. The equational theories of some of these structures have then been studied in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lukas Mulder , Damien Pous , Jana Wagemaker

This booklet serves as an introduction to Kleene Algebra (KA), a set of laws that can be used to study general equivalences between programs. It discusses how general programs can be modeled using regular expressions, how those expressions…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Tobias Kappé , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker
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