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A parallelogram is conformally inscribed in four lines in the plane if it is inscribed in a scaled copy of the configuration of four lines. We describe the geometry of the three-dimensional Euclidean space whose points are the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-08-04 Bruce Olberding , Elaine A. Walker

In this research oriented manuscript, foundational aspects of rigid geometry are discussed, putting emphasis on birational side of formal schemes and topological feature of rigid spaces. Besides the rigid geometry itself, topics include the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Kazuhiro Fujiwara , Fumiharu Kato

This paper focuses on a new approach to plane geometry and develops important concepts that can allow researchers to unite and observe plane geometry from a new, meaningful perspective.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-06-10 Alexander Skutin

Discussed is mechanics of objects with internal degrees of freedom in generally non-Euclidean spaces. Geometric peculiarities of the model are investigated detailly. Discussed are also possible mechanical applications, e.g., in dynamics of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-12-24 J. J. Sławianowski , B. Gołubowska

These condensed notes treat some basic notions in Tropical Geometry (varieties, cycles, modifications, equivalence). These topics are to be extended, illustrated and included to the upcoming book project…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-09-10 Grigory Mikhalkin

In the era of foundation models and Large Language Models (LLMs), Euclidean space is the de facto geometric setting of our machine learning architectures. However, recent literature has demonstrated that this choice comes with fundamental…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Menglin Yang , Yifei Zhang , Jialin Chen , Melanie Weber , Rex Ying

We show that several types of graph drawing in the hyperbolic plane require features of the drawing to be separated from each other by sub-constant distances, distances so small that they can be accurately approximated by Euclidean…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-18 David Eppstein

This is a textbook about elementary number theory, with emphasis on classical topics around the Euklidean Algorithm.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Yauheniya Abramchuk , Alina Bondarava , Matthias Kunik

Meridian surfaces in the Euclidean 4-space are two-dimensional surfaces which are one-parameter systems of meridians of a standard rotational hypersurface. On the base of our invariant theory of surfaces we study meridian surfaces with…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-01-26 Georgi Ganchev , Velichka Milousheva

These notes outline some basic notions of Tropical Geometry and survey some of its applications for problems in classical (real and complex) geometry. To appear in the Proceedings of the Madrid ICM.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Grigory Mikhalkin

These are expanded lecture notes of a mini-course whose objectives were to introduce the basic concepts, constructions and techniques of noncommutative geometry, as well as their uses as a framework for modelling quantum spacetime. Key…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-08 Richard J. Szabo

A projective rectangle is like a projective plane that has different lengths in two directions. We develop the basic theory of projective rectangles including incidence properties, projective subplanes, configuration counts, a partial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-17 Rigoberto Florez , Thomas Zaslavsky

This is an expanded version of my plenary lecture at the 8th European Congress of Mathematics in Portoro\v{z} on 23 June 2021. The main part of the paper is a survey of recent applications of complex-analytic techniques to the theory of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Franc Forstneric

We provide a formal introduction into the classic theorems of general topology and its axiomatic foundations in set theory. In this second part we introduce the fundamental concepts of topological spaces, convergence, and continuity, as…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-07-01 Felix Nagel

For a family $\mathcal{C}$ of properly embedded curves in the 2-dimensional disk $\mathbb{D}^{2}$ satisfying certain uniqueness properties, we consider convex polygons $P\subset \mathbb{D}^{2}$ and define a metric $d$ on $P$ such that…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Charalampos Charitos , Ioannis Papadoperakis , Georgios Tsapogas

These informal notes deal with some basic properties of metric spaces, especially concerning lengths of curves.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-09-27 Stephen Semmes

In classical geometry, there is no such well-known and much-studied topic as the construction of conic sections (or briefly conics) from its five points. Its importance in many applications of mechanical engineering, civil engineering and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Ákos G. Horváth

This article provides a pedagogically oriented introduction to geometric (Clifford) calculus on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Unlike usual approaches to the topic, which rely on embedding the geometric algebra either within a tensor algebra…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-09-16 Joseph C. Schindler

In this paper we review nine previous proposed and solved problems of elementary 2D geometry, and we extend them either from triangles to polygons or polyhedrons, or from circles to spheres (from 2D-space to 3D-space) and make some…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-04-06 Florentin Smarandache

This is a short introduction to affine and convex spaces, written especially for physics students. It summarizes different elementary presentations available in the mathematical literature, and blends analytic- and geometric-flavoured…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 PierGianLuca Porta Mana