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The signal to noise ratio (SNR) fundamentally limits the information accessible by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This limitation has been addressed by a host of denoising techniques, recently including so-called MPPCA: Principal…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Jonas L. Olesen , Andrada Ianus , Leif Østergaard , Noam Shemesh , Sune N. Jespersen

Most estimators collapse all uncertainty modes into a single confidence score, preventing reliable reasoning about when to allocate more compute or adjust inference. We introduce Uncertainty-Guided Inference-Time Selection, a lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Divake Kumar , Patrick Poggi , Sina Tayebati , Devashri Naik , Nilesh Ahuja , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

We consider the problem of detecting signals in the rank-one signal-plus-noise data matrix models that generalize the spiked Wishart matrices. We show that the principal component analysis can be improved by pre-transforming the matrix…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Ji Hyung Jung , Hye Won Chung , Ji Oon Lee

This work concerns elementwise-transformations of spiked matrices: $Y_n = n^{-1/2} f( \sqrt{n} X_n + Z_n)$. Here, $f$ is a function applied elementwise, $X_n$ is a low-rank signal matrix, and $Z_n$ is white noise. We find that principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Michael J. Feldman

We consider the problem of inferring the interactions between a set of N binary variables from the knowledge of their frequencies and pairwise correlations. The inference framework is based on the Hopfield model, a special case of the Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson , Vitor Sessak

Valid causal inference in observational studies often requires controlling for confounders. However, in practice measurements of confounders may be noisy, and can lead to biased estimates of causal effects. We show that we can reduce the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-05 Nathan Kallus , Xiaojie Mao , Madeleine Udell

One principal approach for illuminating a black-box neural network is feature attribution, i.e. identifying the importance of input features for the network's prediction. The predictive information of features is recently proposed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Yang Zhang , Ashkan Khakzar , Yawei Li , Azade Farshad , Seong Tae Kim , Nassir Navab

In this short paper, a matrix perturbation bound on the eigenvalues found by principal component analysis is investigated, for the case in which the data matrix on which principal component analysis is performed is a convex combination of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Giorgio Gnecco , Andrea Bacigalupo

Principal component analysis has been widely adopted to reduce the dimension of data while preserving the information. The quantum version of PCA (qPCA) can be used to analyze an unknown low-rank density matrix by rapidly revealing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 Zhaokai Li , Zihua Chai , Yuhang Guo , Wentao Ji , Mengqi Wang , Fazhan Shi , Ya Wang , Seth Lloyd , Jiangfeng Du

Ordinary differential equation models are used to describe dynamic processes across biology. To perform likelihood-based parameter inference on these models, it is necessary to specify a statistical process representing the contribution of…

We present a method for performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on noisy datasets with missing values. Estimates of the measurement error are used to weight the input data such that compared to classic PCA, the resulting eigenvectors…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Stephen Bailey

Efficient representations of data are essential for processing, exploration, and human understanding, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most common dimensionality reduction techniques used for the analysis of large,…

Computation · Statistics 2023-11-06 Olga Dorabiala , Aleksandr Aravkin , J. Nathan Kutz

In high-dimensional data, structured noise caused by observed and unobserved factors affecting multiple target variables simultaneously, imposes a serious challenge for modeling, by masking the often weak signal. Therefore, (1) explaining…

This paper investigates the signal detection problem in colored noise with an unknown covariance matrix. In particular, we focus on detecting an unknown non-random signal by capitalizing on the leading eigenvalue of the whitened sample…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa , Saman Atapattu , Jamie Evans , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan

One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has wide applications in machine learning, text mining and computer vision. Classical PCA based on a Gaussian noise model is fragile to noise of large magnitude. Laplace noise assumption based PCA methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Pengtao Xie , Eric Xing

Advances in information technology reduce barriers to information propagation, but at the same time they also induce the information overload problem. For the making of various decisions, mere digestion of the relevant information has…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 Yi-Kuo Yu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Paolo Laureti , Lionel Moret

Motivated by applications in high-dimensional data analysis where strong signals often stand out easily and weak ones may be indistinguishable from the noise, we develop a statistical framework to provide a novel categorization of the data…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-05-02 X. Jessie Jeng

We consider the problem of estimating the principal components of a population correlation matrix from a limited number of measurement data. Using a combination of random matrix and information-theoretic tools, we show that all the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-20 Rémi Monasson , Dario Villamaina

A new approach to data compression is developed and applied to multimedia content. This method separates messages into components suitable for both lossless coding and 'lossy' or statistical coding techniques, compressing complex objects by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-12-26 John Scoville