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The fluctuation theorem characterizes the distribution of the dissipation in nonequilibrium systems and proves that the average dissipation will be positive. For a large system with no external source of fluctuation, fluctuations in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-18 Guillaume Michel , Debra J. Searles

We demonstrate that the Gibbs-Shannon entropy is applicable to non-equilibrium systems of any size and boundary conditions. The change in microscopic entropy can be attributed to the stochastic nature of dynamic processes and to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-13 Jianzhong Wu

A stopping time $T$ is the first time when a trajectory of a stochastic process satisfies a specific criterion. In this paper, we use martingale theory to derive the integral fluctuation relation $\langle e^{-S_{\rm tot}(T)}\rangle=1$ for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-22 Izaak Neri , Edgar Roldán , Simone Pigolotti , Frank Jülicher

The violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem are analyzed for a trap model with a gausssian density of states. In this model, the system reaches thermal equilibrium for long times after a quench to any finite temperature and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 Gregor Diezemann

We present a general quantum fluctuation theorem for the entropy production of an open quantum system coupled to multiple environments, not necessarily at equilibrium. Such a general theorem, when restricted to the weak-coupling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-29 Gabriele De Chiara , Alberto Imparato

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a central result in statistical physics, both for classical and quantum systems. It establishes a relationship between the linear response of a system under a time-dependent perturbation and time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-28 Mohammad Mehboudi , Anna Sanpera , Juan M. R. Parrondo

We extend the framework of forward and reverse processes commonly utilized in the derivation and analysis of the nonequilibrium work relations to thermodynamic processes with repeated discrete feedback. Within this framework, we derive a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-12-16 Jordan M. Horowitz , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Fluctuation theorem is one of the major achievements in the field of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics during the past two decades. Steady-state fluctuation theorem of sample entropy production rate in terms of large deviation principle…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-24 Yong Chen , Hao Ge , Jie Xiong , Lihu Xu

We consider stochastic energy balance and entropy production (EP) in a generalized Langevin dynamics of macrospins, allowing for both amplitude and direction fluctuations, under external magnetic field. EP is calculated using Fokker-Planck…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-10-09 Swarnali Bandopadhyay , Debasish Chaudhuri , A. M. Jayannavar

We derive a general fluctuation theorem for quantum maps. The theorem applies to a broad class of quantum dynamics, such as unitary evolution, decoherence, thermalization, and other types of evolution for quantum open systems. The theorem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-01 Gonzalo Manzano , Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan M. R. Parrondo

The fluctuation-dissipation (F-D) theorem is a fundamental result for systems near thermodynamic equilibrium, and justifies studies between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It states that the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-13 Jianhua Xing

We present a general framework for deriving entropy production rates (EPRs) in active matter systems driven by non-Gaussian active fluctuations. Employing the probability-flow equivalence technique, we rigorously obtain an entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-12 Yuanfei Huang , Chengyu Liu , Bing Miao , Xiang Zhou

The fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen holds for finite systems undergoing Langevin dynamics. In such a context all non-trivial ergodic theory issues are by-passed, and the theorem takes a particularly simple form. As a particular…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-30 Jorge Kurchan

Out-of-equilibrium systems continuously generate entropy, with its rate of production being a fingerprint of non-equilibrium conditions. In small-scale dissipative systems subject to thermal noise, fluctuations of entropy production are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-19 Prajwal Padmanabha , Daniel Maria Busiello , Amos Maritan , Deepak Gupta

We study Linear Response Theory and Entropic Fluctuations of finite dimensional non-equilibrium repeated interaction systems (RIS). More precisely, in a situation where the temperatures of the probes can take a finite number of different…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 J. F. Bougron , L. Bruneau

In small systems where relevant energies are comparable to thermal agitation, fluctuations are of the order of average values. In systems in thermodynamical equilibrium, the variance of these fluctuations can be related to the dissipation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicolas Garnier , Ciliberto Sergio

We study fluctuation theorems for open quantum systems with a non-Markovian heat bath using the approach of quantum master equations and examine the physical quantities that appear in those fluctuation theorems. The approach of Markovian…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-28 Tatsuro Kawamoto , Naomichi Hatano

The fluctuation-dissipation-theorem connects equilibrium to mildly (linearly) perturbed situations in a thermodynamic manner: It involves the observable of interest and the entropy production caused by the perturbation. We derive a relation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-24 Tristan Holsten , Matthias Krüger

We consider stochastic rotational dynamics of a macrospin at a constant temperature, in presence of an external magnetic field. Starting from the appropriate Langevin equation which contains multiplicative noise, we calculate entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-01-15 Swarnali Bandopadhyay , Debasish Chaudhuri , A. M. Jayannavar

We present a theoretical framework to understand a modified fluctuation-dissipation theorem valid for systems close to non-equilibrium steady-states and obeying markovian dynamics. We discuss the interpretation of this result in terms of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-20 G. Verley , K. Mallick , D. Lacoste