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While humanity has not yet observed any extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI), contact with ETI remains possible. Contact could occur through a broad range of scenarios that have varying consequences for humanity. However, many discussions of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-08-18 Seth D. Baum , Jacob D. Haqq-Misra , Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman

The METI risk problem refers to the uncertain outcome of sending transmissions into space with the intention of messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence (METI). Here, I demonstrate that this uncertainty is undecidable by proving that that…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 Jacob Haqq-Misra

The Defense Department and NASA are investigating the possibility that aliens are currently surveilling Earth. This aligns with some search-for-extraterrestrial-intelligence (SETI) theorists who have concluded that ET's best strategy for…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 John Gertz

Deliberate and unintentional radio transmissions from Earth propagate into space. These transmissions could be detected by extraterrestrial watchers over interstellar distances. Here, we analyze the harms and benefits of deliberate and…

Popular Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 Jacob Haqq-Misra , Michael Busch , Sanjoy Som , Seth Baum

For more than 60 years, the predominant SETI search paradigm has entailed the observation of stars in an effort to detect alien electromagnetic signals that deliberately target Earth. However, this strategy is fraught with challenges when…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 John Gertz

There is an ongoing debate pertaining to the question of whether Earth should initiate intentional and powerful radio transmissions to putative extra-terrestrial (ET) civilizations in the hope of attracting ET's attention. This practice is…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 John Gertz

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is a scientific endeavor which struggles with unique issues -- a strong indeterminacy in what data to look for and when to do so. This has led to attempts at finding both fundamental…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Ian George , Xinan Chen , Lav R. Varshney

One of the most interesting questions that astronomy can hope to answer is: are we alone in our Milky Way galaxy? A detection of an electromagnetic (EM) signal generated by an extraterrestrial technological intelligence, or the presence in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 B. Zuckerman

There is a close interrelation between Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI). For example, the answers to the questions "Where to search" and "Where to send" are equivalent,…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Alexander Zaitsev

Comparison of the total number of the radar astronomy transmissions with respect to that used for sending messages to extra-terrestrial civilizations reveals that the probability of detection of the radio signals to extraterrestrials (ETs)…

General Physics · Physics 2008-04-18 Alexander L. Zaitsev

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has heretofore been a largely passive exercise, reliant on the pursuit of technosignatures. Still, there are those that advocate a more active approach. Messaging Extraterrestrial…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 T. Cortellesi

Two opposing tendencies paradoxically coexist in terrestrial consciousness -- the insistent quest for intelligent signals from other civilizations and the persistent aversion to any attempts to transmit such signals from Earth toward…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Zaitsev

It is often suggested that extraterrestial life sufficiently advanced to be capable of interstellar travel or communication must be rare, since otherwise we would have seen evidence of it by now. This in turn is sometimes taken as indirect…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-04-05 Adrian Kent

There is a wide-ranging debate about the merits and demerits of searching for, and sending messages to, extraterrestrial intelligences (SETI and METI). There is however reasonable (but not universal) consensus that replying to a message…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Peter Hatfield , Leah Trueblood

This paper attempts to provide an estimation of the prevalence of hostile extraterrestrial civilizations through an extrapolation of the probability that we, as the human civilization, would attack or invade an inhabited exoplanet once we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-27 Alberto Caballero

The Optical Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (OSETI) attempts to detect collimated, narrowband pulses of electromagnetic radiation. These pulses may either consist of signals intentionally directed at the Earth, or signals between…

Popular Physics · Physics 2014-10-30 Duncan H. Forgan

We consider global catastrophic risks due to cosmic explosions (supernovae, magnetars and gamma-ray bursts) and possible mitigation strategies by humans and other hypothetical intelligent beings. While by their very nature these events are…

Popular Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 Milan M. Cirkovic , Branislav Vukotic

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (ETI) is, historically, a search for aliens like us, inspired by human centric ideas of intelligence and technology. However, humans are not the only instance of an intelligent, communicating…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-11 Cameron Brooks , Estelle Janin , Gage Siebert , Cole Mathis , Orit Peleg , Sara Imari Walker

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) makes certain assumptions which guide all current search programs. To illustrate some, this includes (1) that interstellar flight is not possible (2) that the motivations of interstellar…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Kelvin F Long

Popular culture (movies, SF literature) and witness accounts of close encounters with extraterrestrials provide a rather bizarre image of Aliens behavior on Earth. It is far from stereotypes of human space exploration. The reported Aliens…

Popular Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Pawel Sobkowicz
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