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It is generally believed that, when matter collapses to form a black hole, the complete information about the initial state of the matter cannot be retrieved by future asymptotic observers, through local measurements. This is contrary to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Kinjalk Lochan , Sumanta Chakraborty , T. Padmanabhan

Our understanding of space and time is probed to its depths by black holes. These objects, which appear as a natural consequence of general relativity, provide a powerful analytical tool able to examine macroscopic and microscopic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Jean-Pierre Luminet

The preeminent view that evaporating black holes should simply be smaller black holes has been challenged by the firewall paradox. In particular, this paradox suggests that something different occurs once a black hole has evaporated to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-24 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

We briefly discuss non-singular black hole models, with the main focus on the properties of non-singular evaporating black holes. Such black holes possess an apparent horizon, however the event horizon may be absent. In such a case, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-24 Valeri P. Frolov

The question of whether information is lost in black holes is investigated using Euclidean path integrals. The formation and evaporation of black holes is regarded as a scattering problem with all measurements being made at infinity. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. W. Hawking

Given the insight steming from string theory, the origin of the black-hole (BH) information puzzle is traced back to the assumption that it is physically meaningful to trace out the density matrix over negative-frequency Hawking particles.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Nikolic

We study the decoherence induced by near-extremal charged black holes on quantum systems in their exterior. Specifically, we analyze a thought experiment recently discussed in the literature, where the quantum system is a charged particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-25 Anna Biggs , Stefano Trezzi

In certain two-dimensional models, collapsing matter forms a black hole if and only if the incoming energy flux exceeds the Hawking radiation rate. Near the critical threshold, the black hole mass is given by a universal formula in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 A. Strominger , L. Thorlacius

Statistical mechanics explains thermodynamics in terms of (quantum) mechanics by equating the entropy of a microstate of a closed system with the logarithm of the number of microstates in the macrostate to which it belongs, but the question…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Bernard S. Kay

Recently, it was discussed how the presence of a Killing horizon induces decoherence on a quantum system in a superposition of states. Focusing on the case of an electrically-charged system with superposed positions, this would happen due…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-20 Max Joseph Fahn , Alessandro Pesci

The purpose of this paper is to analyse, in the light of information theory and with the arsenal of (elementary) quantum mechanics (EPR correlations, copying machines, teleportation, mixing produced in sub-systems owing to a trace…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Ulf H. Danielsson , Marcelo Schiffer

We discuss the interior of a black hole in quantum gravity, in which black holes form and evaporate unitarily. The interior spacetime appears in the sense of complementarity because of special features revealed by the microscopic degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 Yasunori Nomura , Fabio Sanches , Sean J. Weinberg

After reviewing the shortcomings of existing definitions used to characterize the boundary of a black hole, we present a new method for its characterization. This definition could potentially be applied to locate the boundary of general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Pravin Kumar Dahal

A succinct summary is given of the problem of reconciling observation of black hole-like objects with quantum mechanics. If quantum black holes behave like subsystems, and also decay, their information must be transferred to their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-01 Steven B. Giddings

There appears to be a duality between elementary particles, which span the mass range below the Planck scale, and black holes, which span the mass range range above it. In particular, the Black Hole Uncertainty Principle Correspondence…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-28 B. J. Carr

We give a brief overview of the black hole information problem emphasizing fundamental issues and recent proposals for its resolution. The focus is on broad perspective and providing a guide to current literature rather than presenting full…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-02 Donald Marolf

The notion of antipodal identification on the black hole horizon is further explained and elaborated. Contrasting with numerous attempts in the literature to make fuzzy, poorly motivated models for black holes, we explain how, with an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-17 Gerard t Hooft

We take the view that the area of a black hole's event horizon is quantized, $A = l_P^2 \, (4 \ln 2) \, N$, and the associated degrees of freedom are finite in number and of fermionic nature. We then investigate general aspects of the…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Paolo Castorina , Alfredo Iorio , Luca Smaldone

We present two alternative perspectives for the resolution of Hawking's information puzzle in black hole evaporation. The two views are deeply contrasting, yet they share several common aspects. One of them is the central role played by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-19 Alejandro Perez , Daniel Sudarsky

We propose here that the well-known black hole paradoxes such as the information loss and teleological nature of the event horizon are restricted to a particular idealized case, which is the homogeneous dust collapse model. In this case,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-25 Pankaj S. Joshi , Ramesh Narayan