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The interplay between electron correlation and nuclear quantum effects makes our understanding of elemental hydrogen a formidable challenge. Here, we present the phase diagram of hydrogen and deuterium at low temperatures and high-pressure…
A theoretical study is reported of the molecular-to-atomic transition in solid hydrogen at high pressure. We use the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method to calculate the static lattice energies of the competing phases and a…
Atoms start behaving as waves rather than classical particles if confined in spaces commensurate with their de Broglie wavelength. At room temperature this length is only about one angstrom even for the lightest atom, hydrogen. This…
Solutions of hydrodynamical equations are presented for the equation of state of the Var der Waals type allowing for the first order phase transition. Attention is focused on description of the hadron-quark phase transition in heavy ion…
We revisit the phase structure and thermodynamics of QCD in the low temperature and high density region, where a strong, first-order phase transition is expected beyond the critical end point. By solving the quark gap equation in the…
We performed simulations for solid molecular hydrogen at high pressures (250GPa$\leq$P$\leq$500GPa) along two isotherms at T=200 K (phases III and VI) and at T=414 K (phase IV). At T=200K we considered likely candidates for phase III, the…
A simple kinetic model, which is presumably minimum, for the phase transition of the van der Waals fluid is presented. In the model, intermolecular collisions for a dense gas has not been treated faithfully. Instead, the expected…
In this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We analyze the critical behavior of the black hole by considering the known relationship between pressure and cosmological…
We investigate the phase transition in cold and dense quark matter in an intuitive way that shares common features of the effective model approaches. We first express the quasi-particle contribution to the thermodynamic potential with the…
We investigate the impact of the quantum effects of protons on the electronic structure of high-pressure H$_3$S, a benchmark hydrogen-rich superconductor with a critical temperature ($T_c$) exceeding 200 K. Using Nuclear-Electronic Orbital…
We introduce an efficient scheme for the molecular dynamics of electronic systems by means of quantum Monte Carlo. The evaluation of the (Born-Oppenheimer) forces acting on the ionic positions is achieved by two main ingredients: i) the…
Hydrogen has been the essential element in the development of atomic and molecular physics1). Moving to the properties of dense hydrogen has appeared a good deal more complex than originally thought by Wigner and Hungtinton in their seminal…
We reassess the phase diagram of high-pressure solid hydrogen using mean-field and many-body wave function based approaches to determine the nature of phase III of solid hydrogen. To discover the best candidates for phase III, density…
Recent advances in cold atom experimentation suggest that studies of quantum two-dimensional melting of dipolar molecules, with dipoles aligned perpendicular to ordering plane, may be on the horizon. An intriguing aspect of this problem is…
Students encounter harmonic-oscillator models in many aspects of basic physics, within widely-varying theoretical contexts. Here we highlight the interconnections and varying points of view. We start with the classical mechanics of masses…
The van der Waals (VDW) equation of state is a simple and popular model to describe the pressure function in equilibrium systems of particles with both repulsive and attractive interactions. This equation predicts an existence of a…
We have mapped the molecular-atomic transition in liquid hydrogen using first principles molecular dynamics. We predict that a molecular phase with short-range orientational order exists at pressures above 100 GPa. The presence of this…
We give a survey on the predictions of Coulombic phase transitions in dense plasmas (PPT) and derive several new results on the properties of these transitions. In particular we discuss several types of the critical point and the spinodal…
A two-component van der Waals gas model is proposed to describe the hadronic stages of the evolution of a nuclear fireball in the cooling stage. At the first stage of hadronization, when mesons dominate, a two-component meson model ($\pi^0$…
A thermodynamic phase transition denotes a drastic change of state of a physical system due to a continuous change of thermodynamic variables, as for instance pressure and temperature. The classical van der Waals equation of state is the…