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Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Igor Nikonov

For any virtual link, a class of new links can be defined called stacks, in which copies of the virtual link are placed on top of one another. The resulting virtual link depends only on the virtual isotopy class of the original link, and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Blake K Winter

We introduce a theory of virtual Legendrian knots. A virtual Legendrian knot is a cooriented wavefront on an oriented surface up to Legendrian isotopy of its lift to the unit cotangent bundle and stabilization and destablization of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Patricia Cahn , Asa Levi

We introduce a new equivalence relation on decorated ribbon graphs, and show that its equivalence classes directly correspond to virtual links. We demonstrate how this correspondence can be used to convert any invariant of virtual links…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Scott Baldridge , Louis H. Kauffman , William Rushworth

This paper is an introduction to the subject of virtual knot theory, combined with a discussion of some specific new theorems about virtual knots. The new results are as follows: We prove, using a 3-dimensional topology approach that if a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Louis Kauffman , Vassily Olegovich Manturov

The notion of virtual global generation (VGG) for a vector bundle has multiple possible generalization from the case of curves to higher dimensional normal projective varieties. We study relationship between these notions. All these notions…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Indranil Biswas , Manish Kumar , A. J. Parameswaran

We compute many dimensions of spaces of finite type invariants of virtual knots (of several kinds) and the dimensions of the corresponding spaces of "weight systems", finding everything to be in agreement with the conjecture that "every…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Dror Bar-Natan , Iva Halacheva , Louis Leung , Fionntan Roukema

We give a new proof that the Levine-Tristram signatures of a link give lower bounds for the minimal sum of the genera of a collection of oriented, locally flat, disjointly embedded surfaces that the link can bound in the 4-ball. We call…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-05-30 Mark Powell

For virtual knot theory, the virtual braid group was defined by generalizing the braid group. It was proved that any virtual link can be obtained by the closure of a virtual braid. On the other hand, due to work by Jones et al., it is known…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Yuya Kodama , Akihiro Takano

We classify the radially symmetric connections in vector bundles over round spheres by proving that they are all parallel.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Kristopher Tapp

We define a generalization of virtual links to arbitrary dimensions by extending the geometric definition due to Carter et al. We show that many homotopy type invariants for classical links extend to invariants of virtual links. We also…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-09-04 Blake Winter

We consider several classes of knotted objects, namely usual, virtual and welded pure braids and string links, and two equivalence relations on those objects, induced by either self-crossing changes or self-virtualizations. We provide a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-30 Benjamin Audoux , Paolo Bellingeri , Jean-Baptiste Meilhan , Emmanuel Wagner

All knots are fused isotopic to the unknot via a process known as virtualization. We extend and adapt this process to show that, up to fused isotopy, classical links are classified by their linking numbers.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrew Fish , Ebru Keyman

We extend the cobordism based categorification of the virtual Jones polynomial to virtual tangles. This extension is combinatorial and has semi-local properties. We use the semi-local property to prove an applications, i.e. we give a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Daniel Tubbenhauer

A link in $S^{3}$ is a fully positive braid link if it is the closure of a positive braid that contains at least one full-twist. We show that a fully positive braid link is a satellite link if and only if it is the satellite of a fully…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Tetsuya Ito

We define new notions of groups of virtual and welded knots (or links) and we study their relations with other invariants, in particular the Kauffman group of a virtual knot.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-04-17 Valeriy G. Bardakov , Paolo Bellingeri

Multicrossings, which have previously been defined for classical knots and links, are extended to virtual knots and links. In particular, petal diagrams are shown to exist for all virtual knots.

We show that the crossing number of a satellite knot is at least 10^{-13} times the crossing number of its companion knot.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Marc Lackenby

Piecewise-linear virtual knots are discussed and classified up to edge index six.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-07-14 Neil R. Nicholson

The Turaev genus of a link can be thought of as a way of measuring how non-alternating a link is. A link is Turaev genus zero if and only if it is alternating, and in this viewpoint, links with large Turaev genus are very non-alternating.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-04-08 Oliver T. Dasbach , Adam M. Lowrance