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Scientific researchers frequently use the in situ synchrotron high-energy powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to examine the crystallographic structures of materials in functional devices such as rechargeable battery materials. We…
In the present work, a set of ZrO2 thin films have been deposited at 82 degree angle of deposition at several substrate rotation speeds and at 0 degree. The effect of substrate rotation on optical, structural, morphological properties and…
Machine learning methods rely on data. However, gathering suitable data can be challenging due to availability constraints, cost, or the need for domain expertise. Expanding datasets with additional sources is a common response to limited…
High-resolution spectroscopy in soft X-rays ($<2$ keV) requires diffractive elements to resolve any astrophysically relevant diagnostics, such as closely spaced lines, weak absorption lines, or line profiles. The Rowland torus geometry…
The reduced-rank regression model is a popular model to deal with multivariate response and multiple predictors, and is widely used in biology, chemometrics, econometrics, engineering, and other fields. In the reduced-rank regression…
This chapter introduces the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in studying the local electronic and atomic structure of high-entropy materials. The element selectivity of XAS makes it particularly suitable to address the challenges…
With the advent of both modern X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods and improved analytical reliability requirements the demand for suitable reference samples has increased. Especially in nanotechnology with the very low areal mass depositions,…
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and ptychography have become mature tools for high-resolution, element-specific imaging of nanoscale structures. However, transmission geometries impose stringent constraints on sample thickness and…
We present a unified elucidation for the role temporal coherence properties of x-rays in surface x-ray standing wave analysis, under total external reflection condition. Analytical formulas have been derived that provide a direct relation…
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of thin films is central to a broad range of scientific fields, and is typically detected using indirect techniques. X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) from the sample's substrate is one such detection…
In modeling the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the inclination angle is a parameter that can play an important role in analyzing the X-ray spectra of AGN, but it has never been studied in detail. We present a broadband…
We have developed an improved method of time-resolved x-ray reflectivity (XRR) using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Our method utilizes a polycapillary x-ray optic to create a range of incident angles and an area detector to collect…
Nanoporous thin-films are an important class of materials, offering a way to observe fundamental surface and bulk processes with particles larger than individual atoms, but small enough to interact significantly with each other through…
This paper describes the setup of two different solutions for laboratory X-ray microscopy working with geometric magnification. One setup uses thin-film transmission targets with an optimized tungsten-layer thickness and the electron gun…
Atomic-resolution imaging with scanning transmission electron microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the nanoscale structure of materials, in particular features such as defects, local strains, and symmetry-breaking distortions.…
Since its first successful applications in the early 2000s, x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as one of the most successful tools for the diagnostics of extreme states of matter in the laboratory. By sampling the dynamic structure…
The analytic expressions for the maximum and minimum reflectance of optical films coated with gapped graphene are derived in the application region of the Dirac model with account of multiple reflections. The respective film thicknesses are…
X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN) consist of several different emission and absorption components, which are often fitted manually with models chosen on a case-by-case basis. However, it becomes very hard for a survey with a…
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) in the soft x-ray range is an element-specific energy-loss spectroscopy used to probe the electronic and magnetic excitations in strongly correlated solids. In the recent years, RIXS has been…
The characterization of nanostructured surfaces with sensitivity in the sub-nm range is of high importance for the development of current and next generation integrated electronic circuits. Modern transistor architectures for e.g. FinFETs…