Related papers: Slipher, galaxies, and cosmological velocity field…
Assessing the significance and implications of the recently established Hubble tension requires the comprehensive identification, quantification, and mitigation of uncertainties and/or biases affecting $H_0$ measurements. Here, we…
The cosmic expansion history, mapped by the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift, offers the most direct probe of the dark energy equation of state. One way to determine the Hubble parameter at different redshifts is essentially…
The objective of this paper is not simply to present an historical overview of Einstein's cosmological considerations, but to discuss the central role they played in shaping the paradigm of relativistic cosmology. This, we'll show, was a…
Recent observations of distant supernovae imply, in defiance of expectations, that the universe growth is accelerating, contrary to what has always been assumed that the expansion is slowing down due to gravity. In this paper a…
Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are widely used to measure the expansion of the Universe. To perform such measurements the luminosity and cosmological redshift ($z$) of the SNe Ia have to be determined. The uncertainty on $z$ includes an…
We report on the remarkable evolution in the light curve of a variable star discovered by Hubble (1926) in M33 and classified by him as a Cepheid. Early in the 20th century, the variable, designated as V19, exhibited a 54.7 day period, an…
We test the isotropy of the Hubble diagram. At small redshifts, this is possible without assumptions on the cosmic inventory and provides a fundamental test of the cosmological principle. At higher redshift we check for the self-consistency…
Measurements of the linear diameters of 12 nearby spiral galaxies with distances determined from primary indicators suggest that both the Milky Way Galaxy and M31 are in the middle of the range of sizes for such galaxies. By comparing the…
We use standard general relativity to illustrate and clarify several common misconceptions about the expansion of the Universe. To show the abundance of these misconceptions we cite numerous misleading, or easily misinterpreted, statements…
Cepheid distances of local galaxies (<7 Mpc) are used to study the very nearby velocity field, as pioneered by Sandage (Sandage 1986) who also pointed out its remarkable properties: linearity and quietness. The new data show that the…
The redshift drift of objects moving in the Hubble flow has been proposed as a powerful model-independent probe of the underlying cosmology. A measurement of the first and second order redshift derivatives appears to be well within the…
We present new improved constraints on the Hubble parameter H(z) in the redshift range 0.15 < z < 1.1, obtained from the differential spectroscopic evolution of early-type galaxies as a function of redshift. We extract a large sample of…
Recent surveys seem to support bulk peculiar velocities well in excess of those anticipated by the standard cosmological model. In view of these results, we consider here some of the theoretical implications of large-scale drift motions. We…
Two-dimensional surface photometry derived from Hubble Space Telescope imaging is presented for a sample of 225 early-type galaxies (assumed to be cluster members) in the fields of 9 clusters at redshifts $0.17 < z < 1.21$. The 94 luminous…
We determine here peculiar motion of the Solar system, first time from the $m-z$ Hubble diagram of quasars. Observer's peculiar motion causes a systematic shift in the $m-z$ plane between sources lying along the velocity vector and those in…
We derive the prediction of the standard model of superluminal radio sources for the apparent transverse velocity of a radio source located at redshift z. The apparent velocity of the source is reduced by a factor of 1 + z compared to that…
The three rung distance ladder, which calibrates Type Ia supernovae through stellar distances linked to geometric measurements, provides the highest precision direct measurement of the Hubble constant. In light of the Hubble tension, it is…
We investigate the direct determination of expansion history using redshift distortions without plugging into detailed cosmological parameters. The observed spectra in redshift space include a mixture of information: fluctuations of…
We propose a novel approach to accurately pin down the systematics due to the peculiar velocities of galaxies in measuring the Hubble constant from nearby galaxies in current and future gravitational-wave (GW) standard-siren experiments.…
Attempts to measure extragalactic distances over the last 90 years are briefly described. It follows a short history of the discovery of the expansion of space. Reasons are discussed for the decrease of the Hubble constant from Ho~500…