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Related papers: Quantifying Opacity

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Probabilistic bisimulation is a fundamental notion of process equivalence for probabilistic systems. Among others, it has important applications including formalizing the anonymity property of several communication protocols. There is a lot…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Chih-Duo Hong , Anthony W. Lin , Rupak Majumdar , Philipp Rümmer

The object-capability model is a security measure that consists in encoding access rights in individual objects to restrict its interactions with other objects. Since its introduction in 2013, different approaches to object-capability have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Jörn Koepe

Theoretically as well as experimentally it is investigated how people represent their knowledge in order to make decisions or to share their knowledge with others. Experiment 1 probes into the ways how people 6ather information about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alf C. Zimmer

Extensive recent media focus has been directed towards the dark side of intelligent systems, how algorithms can influence society negatively. Often, transparency is proposed as a solution or step in the right direction. Unfortunately,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Aaron Springer , Steve Whittaker

Measurement incompatibility stipulates the existence of quantum measurements that cannot be carried out simultaneously on single systems. We show that the set of input-output probabilities obtained from d-dimensional classical systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Debashis Saha , Debarshi Das , Arun Kumar Das , Bihalan Bhattacharya , A. S. Majumdar

It is of utmost importance to ensure that modern data intensive systems do not leak sensitive information. In this paper, the authors, who met thanks to Joost-Pieter Katoen, discuss symbolic methods to compute information-theoretic measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Philipp Schröer , Francesca Randone , Raúl Pardo , Andrzej Wąsowski

In this paper, we investigate state estimation and opacity verification problems within a decentralized observation architecture. Specifically, we consider a discrete event system whose behavior is recorded by a set of observation sites.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Dajiang Sun , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Zhiwu Li

A joint characterisation of the observability and controllability of a particular kind of discrete system has been developed. The key idea of the procedure can be reduced to a correct choice of the sampling sequence. This freedom, owing to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-06-23 Amparo Fúster-Sabater , J. M. Guillén

Prediction algorithms assign numbers to individuals that are popularly understood as individual "probabilities" -- what is the probability of 5-year survival after cancer diagnosis? -- and which increasingly form the basis for life-altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Cynthia Dwork , Michael P. Kim , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum , Gal Yona

Due to lack of scientific understanding, some mechanisms may be missing in mathematical modeling of complex phenomena in science and engineering. These mathematical models thus contain some uncertainties such as uncertain parameters. One…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-05 Jinqiao Duan , Ting Gao , Guowei He

We present a general framework for uncertainty quantification that is a mosaic of interconnected models. We define global first and second order structural and correlative sensitivity analyses for random counting measures acting on risk…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Caleb Deen Bastian , Herschel Rabitz

The paper concerns the probabilistic evaluation of plans in the presence of unmeasured variables, each plan consisting of several concurrent or sequential actions. We establish a graphical criterion for recognizing when the effects of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl , James M. Robins

Opacity is a notion that describes an eavesdropper's inability to estimate a system's 'secret' states by observing the system's outputs. In this paper, we propose algorithms to compute the minimum sparse perturbation to be added to a system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-12 Varkey M John , Vaibhav Katewa

Stochastic processes offer a flexible mathematical formalism to model and reason about systems. Most analysis tools, however, start from the premises that models are fully specified, so that any parameters controlling the system's dynamics…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Luca Bortolussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Measurement of a quantum system provides information concerning the state in which it was prepared. In this paper we show how the retrodictive formalism can be used to evaluate the probability associated with any one of a given set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Stephen M. Barnett , David T. Pegg , John Jeffers , Ottavia Jedrkiewicz

Measurement is a fundamental notion in the usual approximate quantum mechanics of measured subsystems. Probabilities are predicted for the outcomes of measurements. State vectors evolve unitarily in between measurements and by reduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-14 James B. Hartle

We analyze the notion that physical theories are quantitative and testable by observations in experiments. This leads us to propose a new, Bayesian, interpretation of probabilities in physics that unifies their current use in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Francis G. Perey

Information leakage can have dramatic consequences on systems security. Among harmful information leaks, the timing information leakage is the ability for an attacker to deduce internal information depending on the system execution time. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Étienne André , Jun Sun

Plasticity is a fundamental property of complex systems, such as the brain or an organism. Yet it typically remains a descriptive concept inferred retrospectively from observed outcomes, such as modifications in activity or morphology.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-27 Igor Branchi

Studying the extent to which realism is compatible with quantum mechanics teaches us something about the quantum mechanical universe, regardless of the validity of such realistic assumptions. It has also recently been appreciated that these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-09-28 Nicholas Harrigan , Terry Rudolph