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Improved understanding of runaway-electron formation and decay processes are of prime interest for the safe operation of large tokamaks, and the dynamics of the runaway electrons during dynamical scenarios such as disruptions are of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-09-15 A. Stahl , O. Embréus , G. Papp , M. Landreman , T. Fülöp

Relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) accelerated by thunderstorm large-scale electric fields are one of the sources of atmospheric gamma radiation. In strong electric fields, RREAs can multiply by the relativistic feedback.…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 E. Stadnichuk , E. Svechnikova

We present a particle-level model for calculating the radio scatter of incident RF radiation from the plasma formed in the wake of a particle shower. We incorporate this model into a software module ("RadioScatter"), which calculates the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-12-10 S Prohira , D Besson

This work is concerned with the numerical simulation of plasma arc interaction with aerospace substrates under conditions akin to lightning strike and in particular with the accurate calculation of radiative heat losses. These are important…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-01-26 M. Apsley , S. T. Millmore , N. Nikiforakis

A new concept of remote detection of concealed radioactive materials has been recently proposed \cite{Gr.Nusin.2010}-\cite{NusinSprangle}. It is based on the breakdown in air at the focal point of a high-power beam of electromagnetic waves…

We developed a general method for assessing the evolution of the energy spectrum of relativistic charged particles that have undergone small quantum losses, such as the ionization losses when the electrons pass through matter and the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 Eugene Bulyak , Nikolay Shul'ga

The description of the dynamics of an electron in an external electromagnetic field of arbitrary intensity is one of the most fundamental outstanding problems in electrodynamics. Remarkably, to date there is no unanimously accepted…

We present two-dimensional global simulations of mitigated and vertically unstable disruptions in ITER in the presence of runaway electrons. An elongated plasma in free-boundary equilibrium is subjected to an artificial thermal quench and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 V. Bandaru , M. Hoelzl , F. J. Artola , M. Lehnen , JOREK team

We construct an analytic model for the breakout of a relativistic radiation mediated shock from a stellar wind, and exploit it to calculate the observational diagnostics of the breakout signal. The model accounts for photon escape through…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-28 Alon Granot , Ehud Nakar , Amir Levinson

Plasma current instabilities can destabilize the plasma discharge and cool the plasma rapidly. In such $\textit{disruptions}$ or in the start-up phase of the reactor, inductive electric fields are generated which accelerate electrons to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Benjamin Buchholz

Backscattering is a sensitive probe of the accuracy of electron scattering algorithms implemented in Monte Carlo codes. The capability of the Geant4 toolkit to describe realistically the fraction of electrons backscattered from a target…

We report a novel method for evaluating the energy spectrum of electrons emitting hard x-rays and gamma-rays in undulators and Compton sources. The method takes into account the quantum nature of recoils undergone by the electrons emitting…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Eugene Bulyak , Nikolay Shul'ga

Accurate modeling of runaway electron generation and losses during tokamak disruptions is crucial for the development of reactor-scale tokamak devices. In this paper we present a reduced model for runaway electron losses due to flux surface…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Oskar Vallhagen , Lise Hanebring , Tünde Fülöp , Mathias Hoppe , Istvan Pusztai

We investigate the acceleration and simultaneous radiative losses of electrons in the vicinity of relativistic shocks. Particles undergo pitch angle diffusion, gaining energy as they cross the shock by the Fermi mechanism and also emitting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Paul Dempsey , Peter Duffy

Radiation spectrum of extreme relativistic electrons and a probability of electron-positron pair production by energetic photons in a strong plasma wakefield are derived in the framework of a semiclassical approach. It is shown that that…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Nerush , I. Kostyukov

We consider the Landau-Coulomb equation for a (hydrogen) plasma heated by an external electric field. In this setting, theoretical and experimental results in plasma physics show the emergence of so-called \emph{runaway electrons} which are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Ling-Bing He , Richard M. Höfer , Jie Ji , Raphael Winter

Thunderstorms produce strong electric fields over regions on the order of kilometer. The corresponding electric potential differences are on the order of 100 MV. Secondary cosmic rays reaching these regions may be significantly accelerated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-01-03 Sebastien Celestin

Geant4 is a tool kit developed by a collaboration of physicists and computer professionals in the High Energy Physics field for simulation of the passage of particles through matter. The motivation for the development of the Beam Tools is…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Daniel Elvira , P. Lebrun , P. Spentzouris

We present a machine-learning-based model of relativistic electron fluxes >1.8 MeV using a neural network approach in the Earth's outer radiation belt. The Outer RadIation belt Electron Neural net model for Relativistic electrons (ORIENT-R)…

The electromagnetic radiation of a rotating relativistic electron layers is studied numerically using particle-in-cell simulation. The results of the simulation confirm all relevant scaling properties predicted by theoretical models. These…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Bjoern S. Schmekel