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Singular value decomposition (SVD) based principal component analysis (PCA) breaks down in the high-dimensional and limited sample size regime below a certain critical eigen-SNR that depends on the dimensionality of the system and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Arvind Prasadan , Raj Rao Nadakuditi , Debashis Paul

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) addresses the poor interpretability and variable redundancy often encountered by principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional data. However, SPCA typically imposes uniform penalties on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Ying Hu , Hu Yang

Independent component analysis (ICA) is popular in many applications, including cognitive neuroscience and signal processing. Due to computational constraints, principal component analysis is used for dimension reduction prior to ICA…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-03 Benjamin B. Risk , David S. Matteson , David Ruppert

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a useful tool when trying to construct factor models from historical asset returns. For the implied volatilities of U.S. equities there is a PCA-based model with a principal eigenportfolio whose return…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-04 Marco Avellaneda , Brian Healy , Andrew Papanicolaou , George Papanicolaou

A general asymptotic framework is developed for studying consis- tency properties of principal component analysis (PCA). Our frame- work includes several previously studied domains of asymptotics as special cases and allows one to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-26 Dan Shen , Haipeng Shen , J. S. Marron

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a commonly used tool for dimension reduction in analyzing high dimensional data; Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) has the potential to serve the similar function for analyzing tensor…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-29 Hung Hung , Pei-Shien Wu , I-Ping Tu , Su-Yun Huang

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique with an extensive range of applications. In this paper, an online distributed algorithm is proposed for recovering the principal eigenspaces. We further…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , George Michailidis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a most frequently used statistical tool in almost all branches of data science. However, like many other statistical tools, there is sometimes the risk of misuse or even abuse. In this paper, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-12 Xinyu Zhang , Howell Tong

We develop a new principal components analysis (PCA) type dimension reduction method for binary data. Different from the standard PCA which is defined on the observed data, the proposed PCA is defined on the logit transform of the success…

Applications · Statistics 2010-11-17 Seokho Lee , Jianhua Z. Huang , Jianhua Hu

We revisit the problem of fair principal component analysis (PCA), where the goal is to learn the best low-rank linear approximation of the data that obfuscates demographic information. We propose a conceptually simple approach that allows…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-28 Matthäus Kleindessner , Michele Donini , Chris Russell , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Principal component regression (PCR) is a widely used two-stage procedure: principal component analysis (PCA), followed by regression in which the selected principal components are regarded as new explanatory variables in the model. Note…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-03 Shuichi Kawano , Hironori Fujisawa , Toyoyuki Takada , Toshihiko Shiroishi

Principal component analysis (PCA) is traditionally implemented through a covariance or kernel matrix, leading-eigenvector extraction, and hard rank-$k$ projection. These steps can be computationally costly in high-dimensional and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Yewei Yuan , Michele Minervini , Mark M. Wilde , Nana Liu

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PCA) and its Bayesian variant (BPCA) are widely used for dimension reduction in machine learning and statistics. The main advantage of probabilistic PCA over the traditional formulation is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-23 Arghya Datta , Philippe Gagnon , Florian Maire

This paper compares two neural network input selection schemes, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) based on Mac-Kay's evidence framework. The PCA takes all the input data and projects it…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 L. Mdlazi , T. Marwala , C. J. Stander , C. Scheffer , P. S. Heyns

The study of stability and sensitivity of statistical methods or algorithms with respect to their data is an important problem in machine learning and statistics. The performance of the algorithm under resampling of the data is a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Haoyu Wang

When synthesizing multi-source high-dimensional data, a key objective is to extract low-dimensional representations that effectively approximate the original features across different sources. Such representations facilitate the discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhenyu Wang , Molei Liu , Jing Lei , Francis Bach , Zijian Guo

A new look on the principal component analysis has been presented. Firstly, a geometric interpretation of determination coefficient was shown. In turn, the ability to represent the analyzed data and their interdependencies in the form of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-29 Zenon Gniazdowski

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a common way to study the sources of variation in a high-dimensional data set. Typically, the leading principal components are used to understand the variation in the data or to reduce the dimension of…

Over the years, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has served as the baseline approach for dimensionality reduction in gene expression data analysis. It primary objective is to identify a subset of disease-causing genes from a vast pool of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Sean Cottrell , Rui Wang , Guowei Wei

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) is a probabilistic reformulation of principal component analysis (PCA), under the framework of a Gaussian latent variable model. To improve the robustness of PPCA, it has been proposed to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Yiping Guo , Howard D. Bondell
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