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The layered triangular lattice owing to $1:2$ order of $B$ and $B'$ sites in the triple perovskite $A_3 B B'_2$O$_9$ family provides an enticing domain for exploring the complex phenomena of quantum spin liquids (QSLs). We report a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-07 K. Bhattacharya , S. Mohanty , A. D. Hillier , M. T. F. Telling , R. Nath , M. Majumder

A decade ago, Alexei Kitaev proposed an exactly solvable $S$ = 1/2 model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions and form a topological quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the ground state. It…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-21 Hidenori Takagi , Tomohiro Takayama , George Jackeli , Giniyat Khaliullin , Stephen E. Nagler

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) define an exotic class of quantum ground states where spins are disordered down to zero temperature. We propose routes to QSLs in kagome optical lattices using applied flux. An optical flux lattice can be applied…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-11-20 Hoi-Yin Hui , Mengsu Chen , Sumanta Tewari , V. W. Scarola

Numerous experiments on pyrochlore oxides Pr$_2$(Zr, Sn, Hf, Ir)$_2$O$_7$ with non-Kramers Pr$^{3+}$ ions suggest that they support a quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state, but the precise nature of the QSL remains unclear. Quantum spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-15 Tony An , Félix Desrochers , Yong Baek Kim

We present a comprehensive experimental investigation of the temperature evolution of magnetic states in triangular-lattice delafossite YbCuSe$_2$. Magnetization measurements on high-quality single crystals reveal easy-plane anisotropy.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-08 K. Bhattacharya , Y. Tokiwa , M. Majumder

Classical spin liquids (CSLs) are intriguing states of matter that do not exhibit long-range magnetic order and are characterized by an extensive ground-state degeneracy. Adding quantum fluctuations, which induce dynamics between these…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-02-12 Duyu Chen , Rhine Samajdar , Yang Jiao , Salvatore Torquato

PbCuTe$_2$O$_6$ is considered as one of the rare candidate materials for a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid (QSL). This assessment was based on the results of various magnetic experiments, performed mainly on polycrystalline material.…

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are exotic phases of matter exhibiting long-range entanglement and supporting emergent gauge fields. A vigorous search for experimental realizations of these states has identified several materials with…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-24 Owen Benton

Herbertsmithite, ZnCu$_3$(OH)$_6$Cl$_2$, is a two dimensional kagom\'{e} lattice realization of a spin liquid, with evidence for fractionalized excitations and a gapped ground state. Such a quantum spin liquid has been proposed to underlie…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-10-18 Z. A. Kelly , M. J. Gallagher , T. M. McQueen

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are topologically ordered exotic states of matter that host fractionalized excitations. Kitaev proposed a particular route towards a QSL via strongly bond-dependent interactions on the hexagonal lattice. A number…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-06 Xinshu Zhang , Yuanyuan Xu , T. Halloran , Ruidan Zhong , R. J. Cava , C. Broholm , N. Drichko , N. P. Armitage

Kitaev magnets are materials with bond-dependent Ising interactions between localized spins on a honeycomb lattice. Such interactions could lead to a quantum spin-liquid (QSL) ground state at zero temperature. Recent theoretical studies…

We review recent density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) studies of lightly doped quantum spin liquids (QSLs) on the kagome lattice. While a number of distinct conducting phases, including high-temperature superconductivity, have been…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-16 Cheng Peng , Yi-Fan Jiang , Dong-Ning Sheng , Hong-Chen Jiang

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) host exotic fractionalized magnetic and gauge-field excitations whose microscopic origins and experimental verification remain frustratingly elusive. In the absence of static magnetic order, the spin excitation…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-31 Jiahang Hu , Runze Chi , Yibin Guo , B. Normand , Hai-Jun Liao , T. Xiang

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic state of matter characterized by quantum entanglement and the absence of any broken symmetry. A long-standing open problem, which is a key for fundamental understanding the mysterious QSL states, is…

Spin-$1/2$ kagome antiferromagnets are leading candidates for realizing quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground states. While QSL ground states are predicted for the pure Heisenberg model, understanding the robustness of the QSL to additional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-16 Shengtao Jiang , Arthur C. Campello , Wei He , Jiajia Wen , Daniel M. Pajerowski , Young S. Lee , Hong-Chen Jiang

We present microscopic magnetic properties of a two dimensional triangular lattice Sc2Ga2CuO7, consisting of single and double triangular Cu planes. A Curie-Weiss temperature theta_CW = --44 K and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-12-06 P. Khuntia , R. Kumar , A. V. Mahajan , M. Baenitz , Y. Furukawa

The molecular triangular lattice system, beta'-EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, is considered as a candidate material for the quantum spin liquid (QSL) state, although ongoing debates arise from recent controversial results. Here, the results of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-05 Yugo Oshima , Yasuyuki Ishii , Francis L. Pratt , Isao Watanabe , Hitoshi Seo , Takao Tsumuraya , Tsuyoshi Miyazaki , Reizo Kato

In addition to low-energy spin fluctuations, which distinguish them from band insulators, Mott insulators often possess orbital degrees of freedom when crystal-field levels are partially filled. While in most situations spins and orbitals…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-11-28 P. Corboz , M. Lajkó , A. M. Läuchli , K. Penc , F. Mila

We found a plateau in the magnitude of the isolated magnetic moments as a function of the anisotropy of the transfer integral (t'/t) in the gapless quantum spin liquid (QSL) phase of an S=1/2 triangular lattice molecular solid X[Pd(dmit)2]2…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-03-20 K. Ueda , S. Fujiyama , R. Kato

The kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet formed by frustrated spins arranged in a lattice of corner-sharing triangles is a prime candidate for hosting a quantum spin liquid (QSL) ground state consisting of entangled spin singlets. But the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-03-09 Jiaming Wang , Weishi Yuan , Philip M. Singer , Rebecca W. Smaha , Wei He , Jiajia Wen , Young S. Lee , Takashi Imai