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Shor's algorithm is one of the most prominent quantum algorithms, yet finding efficient implementations remains an active research challenge. While many approaches focus on low-level modular arithmetic optimizations, a broader perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Moritz Schmidt , Abhoy Kole , Leon Wichette , Rolf Drechsler , Frank Kirchner , Elie Mounzer

The quantum circuit synthesis problem bridges quantum algorithm design and quantum hardware implementation in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In quantum circuit synthesis problems, diagonal unitary synthesis plays a crucial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Wenqi Zhang , Jinyang Liu , Zixiang Zhou , Shuai Yang

Quantum circuit synthesis describes the process of converting arbitrary unitary operations into a gate sequence of a fixed universal gate set, usually defined by the operations native to a given hardware platform. Most current synthesis…

We present a quantum synthesis algorithm designed to produce short circuits and to scale well in practice. The main contribution is a novel representation of circuits able to encode placement and topology using generic "gates", which allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Ed Younis , Koushik Sen , Katherine Yelick , Costin Iancu

We report on the current state of factoring integers on both digital and analog quantum computers. For digital quantum computers, we study the effect of errors for which one can formally prove that Shor's factoring algorithm fails. For…

We propose an adiabatic quantum algorithm capable of factorizing numbers, using fewer qubits than Shor's algorithm. We implement the algorithm in an NMR quantum information processor and experimentally factorize the number 21. Numerical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xinhua Peng , Zeyang Liao , Nanyang Xu , Gan Qin , Xianyi Zhou , Dieter Suter , Jiangfeng Du

The synthesis approaches for quantum circuits typically aim at minimizing the number of lines or gates. Given the tight restrictions on those logical resources in physical implementations, we propose to view the problem fundamentally…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Niels Gleinig , Tobias Rohner , Torsten Hoefler

Two models of computer, a quantum and a classical "chemical machine" designed to compute the relevant part of Shor's factoring algorithm are discussed. The comparison shows that the basic quantum features believed to be responsible for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Alicki

Quantum circuit simulation is crucial for the development of quantum algorithms, particularly given the high cost and noise limitations of physical quantum hardware. While full-state quantum circuit simulation is commonly employed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Chuan-Chi Wang , Yan-Jie Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

We propose a semiclassical version of Shor's quantum algorithm to factorize integer numbers, based on spin-1/2 SU(2) generalized coherent states. Surprisingly, we find evidences that the algorithm's success probability is not too severely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paolo Giorda , Alfredo Iorio , Samik Sen , Siddhartha Sen

Shor's algorithm is one of the most important quantum algorithm proposed by Peter Shor [Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, 1994, pp. 124--134]. Shor's algorithm can factor a large integer with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Ligang Xiao , Daowen Qiu , Le Luo , Paulo Mateus

Although quantum computers have the potential to efficiently solve certain problems considered difficult by known classical approaches, the design of a quantum circuit remains computationally difficult. It is known that the optimal gate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-06 Srinivas Sridharan , Mile Gu , Matthew R. James , William M. McEneaney

This paper studies one of the best known quantum algorithms - Shor's factorisation algorithm - via categorical distributivity. A key aim of the paper is to provide a minimal set of categorical requirements for key parts of the algorithm, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-03 Peter Hines

In the past years, research on Shor's algorithm for solving elliptic curves for discrete logarithm problems (Shor's ECDLP), the basis for cracking elliptic curve-based cryptosystems (ECC), has started to garner more significant interest. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Harashta Tatimma Larasati , Howon Kim

Quantum computing is a hotspot technology for its potential to accelerate specific applications by exploiting quantum parallelism. However, current physical quantum computers are limited to a relatively small scale, simulators based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Jingcheng Shen , Linbo Long , Masao Okita , Fumihiko Ino

In fault-tolerant quantum circuit synthesis, T gates supplied via magic states dominate space-time cost, while Clifford gates incur negligible overhead. Conventional flows minimize AND count in an {XOR, AND, NOT} basis as a proxy for T,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Hanyu Wang , Mingfei Yu , Xinrui Wu , Jason Cong

A common approach to quantum circuit transformation is to use the properties of a specific gate set to create an efficient representation of a given circuit's unitary, such as a parity matrix or stabiliser tableau, and then resynthesise an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-01 Ewan Murphy , Aleks Kissinger

We discuss efficient quantum logic circuits which perform two tasks: (i) implementing generic quantum computations and (ii) initializing quantum registers. In contrast to conventional computing, the latter task is nontrivial because the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vivek V. Shende , Stephen S. Bullock , Igor L. Markov

Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

In this brief paper, we go through the theoretical steps of the spectral clustering on quantum computers by employing the phase estimation and the amplitude amplification algorithms. We discuss circuit designs for each step and show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-24 Ammar Daskin