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In this paper, we study the effect of ultra-high energy collisions of two particles with different energies near the horizon of a 2+1 dimensional BTZ black hole (BSW effect). We find that the particle with the critical angular momentum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-06-25 Jie Yang , Yun-Liang Li , Yang Li , Shao-Wen Wei , Yu-Xiao Liu

We study the possibility of obtaining unbound energy E_{c.m.} in the centre of mass frame when two particles collide near the inner black hole horizon. We consider two different cases - when both particles move (i) in the same direction or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 O. B. Zaslavskii

The center-of-mass energy of two particles can become arbitrarily large if they collide near the event horizon of an extremal Kerr black hole, which is called the Ba$\rm \tilde n$ados-Silk-West (BSW) effect. We consider such a high-energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-02 Kota Ogasawara , Tomohiro Harada , Umpei Miyamoto

A new simple and general explanation of the effect of acceleration of particles by black holes to infinite energies in the centre of mass frame is suggested. It is based on kinematics of particles moving near the horizon. This effect arises…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-12 O. B. Zaslavskii

Similar to particle accelerators, black holes also have the ability to accelerate particles, generating significant amounts of energy through particle collisions. In this study, we examine the horizon and spacetime structures of a rotating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-23 Muhammad Ali Raza , Sehar , M. Azam , M. Zubair , Francisco Tello-Ortiz

Finite-energy particles in free fall can collide with diverging center-of-mass energy near rapidly rotating black holes. What are the most salient observational signatures of this remarkable geometric effect? Here we revisit the problem…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-09 Delilah E. A. Gates , Shahar Hadar

The collisional Penrose process received much attention when Banados, Silk and West (BSW) pointed out the possibility of test-particle collisions with arbitrarily high center-of-mass energy in the vicinity of the horizon of an extremally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Filip Hejda , José P. S. Lemos , Oleg B. Zaslavskii

When two particles collide at the horizon of a black hole and one of them satisfies some critical conditions, the relative velocity between them can be arbitrarily large, thus the energy of the center-of-mass will reach infinity. Such a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-27 Jincheng An

We examine the possibility of arbitrarily high energy in the Center-of-mass(CM) frame of colliding neutral particles in the vicinity of the horizon of a charged dilation black hole(BH). We show that it is possible to achieve the infinite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-13 Parthapratim Pradhan

The rotating Ay\'{o}n-Beato-Garc\'{i}a (ABG) black holes, apart from mass ($M$) and rotation parameter ($a$), has an additional charge $Q$ and encompassed the Kerr black hole as particular case when $Q=0$. We demonstrate the ergoregions of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-01-23 Fazlay Ahmed , Muhammed Amir , Sushant G. Ghosh

Black holes have sometimes been described as astrophysical particle accelerators because finite energy particles can collide near the horizon with divergent center-of-mass (CM) energy. The collisions are classified by the radial motion of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Delilah E. A. Gates

We consider stationary axially symmetric black holes with the background scalar field and test particles that can interact with this field directly. Then, particle collision near a black hole can lead to the unbounded energy $% E_{c.m.}$ in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-22 O. B. Zaslavskii

The motion of a neutral particle in the vicinity of a slowly rotating black hole in the Horava-Lifshitz theory of gravity and 3+1 dimensional topological Lifshitz black hole is investigated. Geodesics for radial motion of the particles are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-16 Ibrar Hussain , Mubasher Jamil , Bushra Majeed

We show that an extremal Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole may act as a particle accelerator with arbitrarily high energy when two uncharged particles falling freely from rest to infinity on the near horizon. We show…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-04-04 Parthapratim Pradhan

Two particle collisions close to the horizon of the rotating nonextremal Kerr's and Schwarzschild black holes are analyzed. For the case of multiple collisions it is shown that high energy in the centre of mass frame occurs due to a great…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-23 A. A. Grib , Yu. V. Pavlov , O. F. Piattella

We consider collision of two particles near the horizon of a nonextremal static black hole. At least one of them is accelerated. We show that the energy $E_{c.m.}$ in the center of mass can become unbounded in spite of the fact that a black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-29 O. B. Zaslavskii

We study the collision of two massive particles with non-zero intrinsic spin moving in the equatorial plane in the background of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessential matter field (SBHQ). For the quintessential matter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-17 Pankaj Sheoran , Hemwati Nandan , Eva Hackmann , Ulises Nucamendi , Amare Abebe

The possibility that rotating black holes could be natural particle accelerators has been subject of intense debate. While it appears that for extremal Kerr black holes arbitrarily high center of mass energies could be achieved, several…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-24 Stefano Liberati , Christian Pfeifer , José Javier Relancio

We extend the Banados-Silk-West effect to the static spherically symmetric black hole and rotating black hole in gravity's rainbow. Through systematic investigation that the effects of different rainbow functions on the center-of-mass…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-02 Deng Lin-fang , Zhang He-yao , Long Chao-yun

We investigate particle collisions in non-extremal black hole that can probably induced to extremely high center of mass energy $E_{\text{cm}}$. We consider the collision of two particles where first particle comes from far to the outer…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-22 Ayesha Zakria , Qurat-ul-Ain Satti