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Several projects planned or proposed can significantly expand our knowledge of the high-energy Universe in gamma rays. Construction of the Cherenkov telescope array CTA is started, and other detectors are planned which will use the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-27 Alesandro De Angelis

As of 2023, the low-frequency part of the Square Kilometre Array will go online in Australia. It will constitute the largest and most powerful low-frequency radio-astronomical observatory to date, and will facilitate a rich science…

In recent years, ground-based very-high-energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy has experienced a major breakthrough with the impressive astrophysical results obtained mainly by the current generation experiments like H.E.S.S., MAGIC,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 R. M. Wagner , E. J. Lindfors , A. Sillanpää , S. Wagner

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory was completed and began full opera- tion on March 20, 2015. The detector consists of an array of 300 water tanks, each containing 200 ktons of purified water and instrumented with 4 PMTs.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Andrew J. Smith

The most sensitive method for detecting neutrinos at the very highest energies is the lunar Cherenkov technique, which employs the Moon as a target volume, using conventional radio telescopes to monitor it for nanosecond-scale pulses of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 J. D. Bray , R. D. Ekers , C. W. James , P. Roberts , A. Brown , C. J. Phillips , R. J. Protheroe , J. E. Reynolds , R. A. McFadden , M. Aartsen

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory with sensitivity in the energy range from 20 GeV to beyond 300 TeV. CTA is proposed to consist of two arrays of 40-100 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 G. Maier , L. Arrabito , K. Bernlöhr , J. Bregeon , F. Di Pierro , T. Hassan , T. Jogler , J. Hinton , A. Moralejo , M. Wood

The Cherenkov Telescope Array will provide unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution to gamma rays across orders of magnitude in energy. Above 1 TeV up to around 300 TeV an array of Small-Sized Telescopes (SSTs) will cover several…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-17 Richard White

While current atmospheric Cherenkov installations consist of only a few telescopes each, future installations will be far more complex. Monte Carlo simulations have become an essential tool for the design and optimisation of such…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Konrad Bernloehr

Surveys open up unbiased discovery space and generate legacy datasets of long-lasting value. One of the goals of imaging arrays of Cherenkov telescopes like CTA is to survey areas of the sky for faint very high energy gamma-ray (VHE)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 G. Dubus , J. L. Contreras , S. Funk , Y. Gallant , T. Hassan , J. Hinton , Y. Inoue , J. Knödlseder , P. Martin , N. Mirabal , M. de Naurois , M. Renaud

The RICE experiment seeks to measure ultra-high energy neutrinos (E(nu)>10 PeV) by detection of the radio wavelength Cherenkov radiation produced by neutrino-ice collisions within Antarctic ice. An array of 16 dipole antennas, buried at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-06-01 I. Kravchenko

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) high-energy {\gamma}-ray observatory was completed in march 2015 in central Mexico. The detector, consisting of 300 water tanks, is currently being upgraded to improve its performance at Multi-TeV…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Armelle Jardin-Blicq , Vikas Joshi

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the observatory for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy that will shape the domain of TeV astronomy for the next decades. CTA will comprise more than 100 imaging air Cherenkov telescopes deployed on two…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-21 Jürgen Knödlseder

IceTop, the surface array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, consists of 162 ice-Cherenkov tanks distributed over an area of 1km$^2$. Besides being used as a veto for the in-ice neutrino detector, IceTop is a powerful cosmic-ray detector.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-20 Hrvoje Dujmovic , Alan Coleman , Marie Oehler

TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital detector of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), those with energies above 50 EeV, was launched into orbit on April 28, 2016, as a part of the Lomonosov satellite scientific payload. The…

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory project is proposed to study high energy gamma ray astronomy ( 40 GeV-1 PeV ) and cosmic ray physics ( 20 TeV-1 EeV ). The wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array, as a component of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 L. L. Ma , Y. X. Bai , Z. Cao , M. J. Chen , L. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , Y. Chen , K. Q. Ding , H. H. He , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , X. X. Li , X. H. Ma , X. D. Sheng , G. Xiao , M. Zha , S. S. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhao , B. Zhou

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory consists of 300 water Cherenkov detectors and has been fully operational since March 2015 in central Mexico. It detects cosmic- and gamma-ray showers in the TeV energy range.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-15 Vikas Joshi , Armelle Jardin-Blicq

The Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) is unusual in astronomy as the atmosphere actually forms an intrinsic part of the detector system, with telescopes indirectly detecting very high energy particles by the generation and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 M. K. Daniel

Next-generation air-shower detectors, such as the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and the Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) experiment, are considering water-Cherenkov detectors as a base design. A key factor in improving the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Pierre Billoir , Benjamin Flaggs , Ioana C. Mariş , Andrea Parenti

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-13 The CTA Consortium