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Related papers: Direct and Indirect Effects

200 papers

The coefficient of determination is well defined for linear models and its extension is long wanted for mixed-effects models. We revisit its extension to define measures for proportions of variation explained by the whole model, fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-04 Dabao Zhang

A further understanding of cause and effect within observational data is critical across many domains, such as economics, health care, public policy, web mining, online advertising, and marketing campaigns. Although significant advances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhixuan Chu , Sheng Li

It has recently become popular to define treatment effects for subsets of the target population characterized by variables not observable at the time a treatment decision is made. Characterizing and estimating such treatment effects is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-08-30 Marshall M. Joffe , Dylan Small , Chi-Yuan Hsu

Causal mediation analysis has been extended to estimate path-specific effects with multiple intermediate variables, isolating treatment effects through a mediator of interest while excluding pathways through its ancestors. Such analyses…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yang Bai , Sihan Wu , Baoluo Sun , Yifan Cui

Measures of information transfer have become a popular approach to analyze interactions in complex systems such as the Earth or the human brain from measured time series. Recent work has focused on causal definitions of information transfer…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-21 Jakob Runge

Indirect inference requires simulating realisations of endogenous variables from the model under study. When the endogenous variables are discontinuous functions of the model parameters, the resulting indirect inference criterion function…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2019-07-11 David T. Frazier , Tatsushi Oka , Dan Zhu

Certain causal models involving unmeasured variables induce no independence constraints among the observed variables but imply, nevertheless, inequality contraints on the observed distribution. This paper derives a general formula for such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl

Multiple regression has been the go-to method for data analysis for generations of scholars due to its transparency, interpretability, and desirable theoretical properties. However, the method's simplicity precludes the discovery of complex…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-02 Marc Ratkovic , Dustin Tingley

One fundamental statistical question for research areas such as precision medicine and health disparity is about discovering effect modification of treatment or exposure by observed covariates. We propose a semiparametric framework for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-04 Muxuan Liang , Menggang Yu

Statisticians usually restrict regression to model relationships that are explicitly defined dependent and independent random variables; this paper outlines the newly developed method of non-response analysis and rotational analysis for…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-29 Rebecca D. Wooten

Until recently, research into the sustainable design of interactive systems has primarily focused on the direct material impact of a system, through improving its energy efficiency and optimizing its lifecycle. Yet the way a system is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Laetitia Bornes , Catherine Letondal , Rob Vingerhoeds

In this article, we propose a new method to compute the effective properties of non-linear disordered media. We use the fact that the effective constants can be defined through the minimum of an energy functional. We express this minimum in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Marc Barthelemy , Henri Orland

This paper introduces a novel measure to quantify the directional dependence of extreme events between two variables. The proposed approach is designed to capture asymmetric tail dependence by studying conditional tail expectations of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Matthieu Garcin , Maxime L. D. Nicolas

Estimating causal effects is crucial for decision-makers in many applications, but it is particularly challenging with observational network data due to peer interactions. Many algorithms have been proposed to estimate causal effects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Xiaojing Du , Jiuyong Li , Debo Cheng , Lin Liu , Wentao Gao , Xiongren Chen

It is often of interest to decompose a total effect of an exposure into the component that acts on the outcome through some mediator and the component that acts independently through other pathways. Said another way, we are interested in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-21 Peng Ding , Tyler J. VanderWeele

In causal inference, interference occurs when the treatment of one unit may affect the outcomes of other units. The goal of this work is to serve as a guide to the use of linear outcome modeling for estimating causal effects in settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Eric Tong , Salvador V. Balkus

Indirect experiments provide a valuable framework for estimating treatment effects in situations where conducting randomized control trials (RCTs) is impractical or unethical. Unlike RCTs, indirect experiments estimate treatment effects by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Yash Chandak , Shiv Shankar , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Emma Brunskill

In competing event settings, a counterfactual contrast of cause-specific cumulative incidences quantifies the total causal effect of a treatment on the event of interest. However, effects of treatment on the competing event may indirectly…

Homophily based on observables is widespread in networks. Therefore, homophily based on unobservables (fixed effects) is also likely to be an important determinant of the interaction outcomes. Failing to properly account for latent…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-09 Andrei Zeleneev

We describe a method for inferring linear causal relations among multi-dimensional variables. The idea is to use an asymmetry between the distributions of cause and effect that occurs if both the covariance matrix of the cause and the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-09-25 Dominik Janzing , Patrik O. Hoyer , Bernhard Schoelkopf