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We show that Rabinowitz Floer homology and cohomology carry the structure of a graded Frobenius algebra for both closed and open strings. We prove a Poincar\'e duality theorem between homology and cohomology that preserves this structure.…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Kai Cieliebak , Nancy Hingston , Alexandru Oancea

In 1999 Chas and Sullivan showed that the homology of the free loop space of an oriented manifold admits the structure of a Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra. In this paper we give a complete description of this Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra for…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-09-16 Richard A. Hepworth

We construct and study an algebraic analogue of the loop coproduct in string topology, also known as the Goresky-Hingston coproduct. Our algebraic setup, which under this analogy takes the place of the complex of chains on the free loop…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-10-23 Manuel Rivera , Alex Takeda , Zhengfang Wang

Let $G$ be a finite group or a compact connected Lie group and let $BG$ be its classifying space. Let $\mathcal{L}BG:=map(S^1,BG)$ be the free loop space of $BG$ i.e. the space of continuous maps from the circle $S^1$ to $BG$. The purpose…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2009-06-01 David Chataur , Luc Menichi

We explain our previous results about Hochschild actions [Kau07a, Kau08a] pertaining in particular to the coproduct which appeared in a different form in [GH09] and provide a fresh look at the results. We recall the general action,…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-10-14 Ralph M. Kaufmann

Let M be a closed, connected manifold, and LM its loop space. In this paper we describe closed string topology operations in h_*(LM), where h_* is a generalized homology theory that supports an orientation of M. We will show that these…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ralph L. Cohen , Veronique Godin

Barton Zwiebach constructed the `string products' on the Hilbert space of combined conformal field theory of matter and ghosts. It is well-known that the `tree level' specialization of these products forms a strongly homotopy Lie algebra. A…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Martin Markl

In this paper we compute the singular homology of the space of immersions of the circle into the $n$-sphere. Equipped with Chas-Sullivan's loop product these homology groups are graded commutative algebras, we also compute these algebras.…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2009-03-27 David Chataur , Jean-Francois Le Borgne

Twenty years ago, Mumford initiated the systematic study of the cohomology ring of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces. Around the same time, Harer proved that the homology of the mapping class groups of oriented surfaces is independent of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ulrike Tillmann

In this paper, I give a generalized analogue of the string topology results of Chas and Sullivan, and of Cohen and Jones. For a finite simplicial complex $X$ and $k \geq 1$, I construct a spectrum $Maps(S^k, X)^{S(X)}$, and show that the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 P. Hu

We introduce a commutative product of degree $-n$ on the homology $H_\ast(X)$ of an $n$-dimensional special cubical set $X$ and lift it on the free loop homology $H_\ast(\Lambda M)$ for $M=|X|$ to be the geometric realization. These…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Samson Saneblidze

In this paper, we discuss Hochschild chain models for some of the string topology operations. We use these models to simplify the proofs and computations of some of the results in string topology. Along the way we also make some new…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-13 Arun Maiti

The loop quantum gravity technique is applied to the free bosonic string. A Hilbert space similar to loop space in loop quantum gravity as well as representations of diffeomorphism and hamiltonian constraints on it are constructed. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Artem Starodubtsev

Let M be a closed, oriented, n -manifold, and LM its free loop space. Chas and Sullivan defined a commutative algebra structure in the homology of LM, and a Lie algebra structure in its equivariant homology. These structures are known as…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Ralph L. Cohen , John Klein , Dennis Sullivan

Given a space with a circle action, we study certain cocyclic chain complexes and prove a theorem relating cyclic homology to $S^1$-equivariant homology, in the spirit of celebrated work of Jones. As an application, we describe a chain…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Yi Wang

Let $M$ be a closed, oriented manifold of dimension $d$. Let $LM$ be the space of smooth loops in $M$. Chas and Sullivan recently defined a product on the homology $H_*(LM)$ of degree $-d$. They then investigated other structure that this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ralph L. Cohen , John D. S. Jones

In this manuscript, we investigate a Cartan calculus on the homology of free loop spaces which is introduced by Kuribayashi, Wakatsuki, Yamaguchi and the author. In particular, it is proved that the Cartan calculus can be described by the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Takahito Naito

In this paper we extend our correlation functions to the open/closed case. This gives rise to actions of an open/closed version of the Sullivan PROP as well as an action of the relevant moduli space. There are several unexpected structures…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-05-03 Ralph M. Kaufmann

For M a closed, connected, oriented manifold, we obtain the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) algebra of its string topology through homotopy-theoretic constructions on its based loop space. In particular, we show that the Hochschild cohomology of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2011-04-01 Eric J. Malm

The string topology coproduct on the homology of the free loop space of a closed manifold induces a string cobracket on $S^1$-equivariant homology. We give a complete computation of the string topology coproduct for surfaces of higher genus…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Jana Hartenstein , Maximilian Stegemeyer