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We show that every sufficiently large integer is a sum of a prime and two almost prime squares, and also a sum of a smooth number and two almost prime squares. The number of such representations is of the expected order of magnitude. We…
Condition numbers of random polynomial systems have been widely studied in the literature under certain coefficient ensembles of invariant type. In this note we introduce a method that allows us to study these numbers for a broad family of…
We examine sets $\mathscr A$ of natural numbers having the property that for some real number $p\in (0,2)$, one has the subconvex bound $$\int_0^1 \Bigl| \sum_{n\in \mathscr A\cap [1,N]}e(n\alpha)\Bigr|^p\, {\rm d}\alpha \ll N^{-1}|\mathscr…
We establish sharp estimates that adapt the polynomial method to arbitrary varieties. These include a partitioning theorem, estimates on polynomials vanishing on fixed sets and bounds for the number of connected components of real algebraic…
Let $p$ be a prime and let $a$ be a positive integer. In this paper we investigate $\sum_{k=0}^{p^a-1}\binom[(h+1)k,k+d]/m^k$ modulo a prime $p$, where $d$ and $m$ are integers with $-h<d<=p^a$ and $m\not=0 (mod p)$. We also study…
Reducing the conditions under which a given set satisfies the stipulations of the subset sum proposition to a set of linear relationships, the question of whether a set satisfies subset sum may be answered in a polynomial number of steps by…
We address the problem of producing a lower bound for the mean of a discrete probability distribution, with known support over a finite set of real numbers, from an iid sample of that distribution. Up to a constant, this is equivalent to…
In the paper we are studying some properties of subsets Q of sums of dissociated sets. The exact upper bound for the number of solutions of the following equation (1) q_1 + ... + q_p = q_{p+1} + ... + q_{2p}, q_i \in Q in groups F_2^n is…
Exponential sums with monomials are highly related to many interesting problems in number theory and well studied by many literatures. In this paper, we consider the exponential sums with polynomials and prove a new upper bound. As an…
It is well-known that the congruence $\sum_{i=1}^{ n} i^{ n} \equiv 1 \pmod{n}$ has exactly five solutions: $\{1,2,6,42,1806\}$. In this work, we characterize the solutions to the congruence $1^n + 2^n + \dotsb + n^n\equiv p \pmod{n}$ for…
A sharp bound is obtained for the number of ways to express the monomial $X^n$ as a product of linear factors over $\mathbb{Z}/p^{\alpha}\mathbb{Z}$. The proof relies on an induction-on-scale procedure which is used to estimate the number…
We obtain new bounds on some trilinear and quadrilinear character sums, which are non-trivial starting from very short ranges of the variables. An application to an apparently new problem on oscillations of characters on differences between…
We study the problem of counting the total number of affine solutions of a system of n binomials in n variables over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We show that we may decide in polynomial time if that number is…
We investigate which polynomials can possibly occur as factors in the denominators of rational solutions of a given partial linear difference equation (PLDE). Two kinds of polynomials are to be distinguished, we call them /periodic/ and…
Polynomial convergence bounds are considered for left, right, and split preconditioned GMRES. They include the cases of Weighted and Deflated GMRES for a linear system Ax = b. In particular, the case of positive definite A is considered.…
Under mild conditions on $n,p$, we give a lower bound on the number of $n$-variable balanced symmetric polynomials over finite fields $GF(p)$, where $p$ is a prime number. The existence of nonlinear balanced symmetric polynomials is an…
We consider a problem of bounding the maximal possible multiplicity of a zero at of some expansions $\sum a_i F_i(x)$, at a certain point $c,$ depending on the chosen family $\{F_i \}$. The most important example is a polynomial with $c=1.$…
This paper studies the polynomial optimization problem whose feasible set is a union of several basic closed semialgebraic sets. We propose a unified hierarchy of Moment-SOS relaxations to solve it globally. Under some assumptions, we prove…
In this paper, we obtain a lower bound for the number of primes $p\leq x$ such that $p-1$ is a sum of two squares and $p+2$ has a bounded number of prime factors. The proof uses the vector sieve framework, involving a semi-linear sieve and…
For any polynomial $P(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x],$ we study arithmetic dynamical systems generated by $\displaystyle{F_P(n)=\prod_{k\le n}}P(n)(\text{mod}\ p),$ $n\ge 1.$ We apply this to improve the lower bound on the number of distinct quadratic…